On-line monitoring and control of particle shape and size distribution is important in pharmaceutical and fine chemical manufacturing. In this paper, we describe a methodology for real-time estimation of particle quality variables during crystallization using inline process video-images. Our approach integrates image analysis techniques with multivariate statistical techniques to quantify parti...

Nonparametric control charts are useful in statistical process control (SPC) when there is a lack of or limited knowledge about the underlying process distribution, especially when the process measurement is multivariate. This paper develops a new multivariate self-starting methodology for monitoring location parameters. It is based on adapting the multivariate spatial rank to on-line sequentia...

Advances in additive manufacturing (AM) processes have increased the number of relevant applications various industries. To keep up with this development, process stability AM should be monitored, which is conducted through assessment outputs or product characteristics. However, use univariate control charts to monitor an might lead misleading results, as most additively manufactured products m...

To characterise statistical inference in the workplace this paper compares a prototypical type of statistical inference at work, statistical process control (SPC), with a type of statistical inference that is better known in educational settings, hypothesis testing. Although there are some similarities between the reasoning structure involved in hypothesis testing and SPC that point to key char...

<p class="Abstract">Security or protection systems at generators, substations, transmission, and housing others, especially to overcome lightning disturbances leakage currents, the earthing system must meet required standards. For each part of system, from substation residential electricity utilization as well other parts, standard earth resistance is not same, for example a maximum 5 Ω, ...