The paper presents a missive from the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III declaring war to Lithuania Aleksander Jagiellończyk on June 24th, 1500. missive, so far unaccounted in scientific publications, survives Middle Low German translation kept archive Hanseatic City Lübeck. declaration is motivated by alleged injustices done III, his subjects and daughter Elena Ivanovna, who was Aleksander’s wife. ...

the dalir phosphate horizon is located ~57 km southwest of chalous, mazandaran province. the horizon developed as stratiform within upper shale of soltanieh formation (late neoproterozoic - early cambrian). according to mineralogical data, the major minerals of the phosphate horizon are calcite, fluorapatite, dolomite, quartz, pyrite, muscovite, and illite. microscopic evidence such as existenc...