OBJECTIVE We assessed the surgical results of bipolar release in 31 adult patients with uncorrected congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) and more than 12 months of follow-up. METHODS Thirty-one patients underwent a bipolar release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and were retrospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 14.9 months (range, 12-30). The mean age at time of surger...

Unilateral fibrous contracture of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is the major pathophysiology in infants with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Physical examination is not always sufficient to detect minimal muscle fibrosis in involved SCM muscles.A prospective study for SCM muscle fibrosis in CMT infants by quantifying echotexture and muscle thickness during the course of treatment ...

SUMMARY Grisel's syndrome is an unusual but important cause of torticollis which may be encountered in a pediatric plastic surgery practice, where craniofacial and oropharyngeal surgeries are commonly performed. Grisel's syndrome is characterized by painful torticollis and limited cervical rotation, and the diagnosis is confirmed via radiologic imaging. Initial management of Grisel's syndrome i...

The prognosis in 30 patients with spasmodic torticollis proved to be unexpectedly bad, only one patient making a full and sustained recovery. Investigation did not confirm previously reported reflex influences on the degree of spasm. Detailed otological investigation did not suggest that spasmodic torticollis originates in vestibular dysfunction. Psychological assessment of the patients showed ...

Those regions which have been implicated by experimental and clinical neuropathological studies in the pathogenesis of spasmodic torticollis were examined in detail in the present patient and no histological abnormalities found. In the light of marked species differences in the effects of certain brain lesions on posture and the findings reported here, the pathogenesis of spasmodic torticollis ...

Though multiple medical and psychiatric causes of torticollis have been described, cervical dystonias resulting from distant somatic dysfunctions have not. This article describes the treatment of a 62-year-old woman in whom refractory retrotorticollis of surmised pelvic etiology developed after a fall. Structurally, cervical dystonias have been addressed as problems that originate in the head a...

A 52-year-old man presented with a 2-year-history of recurrent torticollis and headache associated with physical exertion (including evacuation). His physical examination disclosed short neck and brachycephaly. Neuroimaging studies (Figures 1 and 2) revealed basilar invagination and brainstem compression without other craniocervical junction abnormalities or systemic diseases. Basilar invaginat...

Benign paroxysmal torticollis is a self-limiting condition occurring during infancy. It resolves by the age of two to three years. Periodic episodes of torticollis may randomly alternate from side to side and be associated with other symptoms. The aetiology is unknown and no treatment is effective. It is relatively uncommon, and has not been previously reported in the orthopaedic literature, al...