Anatomic variations in course and motor branching pattern of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) with unusual communication with the median nerve were determined on the left arm of a 62-year-old formalin fixed male cadaver. The MCN did not pierce the coracobrachialis muscle. It provided 4 primary motor branches. The first branch emerged 1.5 cm inferior to the coracoid process to innervate the cora...

Brachialis muscle lies beneath the biceps brachii and arises from anteromedial and anterolateral surfaces of the lower half of the shaft of humerus. A few fibers take origin from lower part of spiral groove and medial intermuscular septum also. The broad muscle covers the anterior part of elbow joint and converges to form a flat tendon which is inserted into the anterior surface of coronoid pro...

BACKGROUND Coracoid approach is efficient and safe for brachial plexus block, and is guided by nerve stimulator or ultrasound in general. Many trials have proved that ultrasonic guidance was more efficacious than nerve stimulator guidance. We hypothesized that positioning posterior cord could enhance the anesthesia effect of coracoid approach brachial plexus block (CABPB) guided by nerve stimul...

BACKGROUND Variations of the brachial plexus are common and a better awareness of the variations is of crucial importance to achieve successful results in its surgical procedures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anatomical variations of the brachial plexus in adult cadavers. METHODS Bilateral upper limbs of 32 fresh cadavers (21 males and 11 females) consecutively referred to...

A 19-year-old man sustained a right upper trunk brachial plexopathy from a stab wound and became paralyzed in the right proximal arm. Twelve months later, he underwent microsurgical anastomosis of injured C5 and C6 nerve roots to the more distal C5 nerve root. At 14 months postoperatively, there were involuntary movements of his right biceps and deltoid muscles time-locked to inspiration (see v...

The present study was performed to investigate the possibility of "aberrant" innervation of the tips of the hindlimb digits in the rat, i.e., from other sources than the femoral and the main sciatic branches (tibial, peroneal, sural). Cutaneous injections of fluorescent tracers in the digits were combined with either selective nerve transections to restrict afferent routes followed by detection...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The use of ultrasound for needle correct placement and local anesthetic spread monitoring helped to reduce the volume of local anesthetic required for peripheral nerve blocks. There are few studies of the minimum effective volume of local anesthetic for axillary brachial plexus block. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum effective volume (VE90) of 0.5% bup...

A 59-year-old Patient presented with cerivical lymphnode and a submandibular swelling on the right side of unknown cause that was not responsive to antibiotic treatment. 16 years ago a submandibulectomy was performed on the right side, nevertheless submandibular swellings had occurred repeatedly. Clinical examination showed a right-sided cervical swelling in the submandibular region. The floor ...