The reintroduction of poison gas in warfare by the Germans in 1915 stimulated experimental studies, both in the clinic and in the animal laboratory, on the effect of these agents upon various body structures. Between 1919 and 1921 several reports1'5,6,78 appeared describing the changes produced by mustard gas. The recent world conflict stimulated further research relating to the properties of t...

In this work a novel bioassay for mustard agent detection was proposed. The bioassay is based on the capability of these compounds to inhibit the enzyme choline oxidase. The enzymatic activity, which is correlated to the mustard agents, was electrochemically monitored measuring the enzymatic product, hydrogen peroxide, by means of a screen-printed electrode modified with Prussian Blue nanoparti...

Introduction: ninety years after the first application of mustard gas in Belgium as a chemical weapon, after World War II, the largest and the most extensive chemical attacks during the history occurred against soldiers and civilians in invasion of Iraq to Iran. The use of chemical weapons in this war has led to multiple complications especially in the respiratory system of wounded soldiers. Si...

2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) is used as a simulant for mustard (HD) in a study to develop secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for rapid, semi-quantitative detection of mustard on soil. Using SIMS with single-stage mass spectrometry, a signature for CEES can be unequivocally observed only at the highest concentrations (0.1 monolayer and above). Selectivity and sensitivity C2H5SC2Hl from...

Constant small quantities (0.1 to 100 micrograms per hour) of mustard (H) or lewisite (L) gas may be obtained by allowing the vapor to diffuse through a porous alundum plug of suitable dimensions. By regulating the rate of flow of air past the plug known concentrations of the gases in air may be obtained.