نتایج جستجو برای: mutational pressure

تعداد نتایج: 425613  

2016
Thomas LaBar Christoph Adami

Most mutations are deleterious and cause a reduction in population mean fitness known as the mutational load. In small populations, weakened selection against slightly-deleterious mutations results in an additional reduction in fitness: the drift load. Many studies have established that populations can evolve a reduced mutational load by evolving mutational robustness, but it is uncertain wheth...

2017
Clement Richard Boland Matthew B. Yurgelun

Journal: :Nucleic acids research 2002
Martijn E T Dollé Wendy K Snyder David B Dunson Jan Vijg

Using a lacZ plasmid transgenic mouse model, spectra of spontaneous point mutations were determined in brain, heart, liver, spleen and small intestine in young and old mice. While similar at a young age, the mutation spectra among these organs were significantly different in old age. In brain and heart G:C-->A:T transitions at CpG sites were the predominant mutation, suggesting that oxidative d...

2015
Ludmil B Alexandrov Serena Nik-Zainal Hoi Cheong Siu Suet Yi Leung Michael R Stratton

Targeting defects in the DNA repair machinery of neoplastic cells, for example, those due to inactivating BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutations, has been used for developing new therapies in certain types of breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. Recently, a mutational signature was associated with failure of double-strand DNA break repair by homologous recombination based on its high mutational burden...

2013

All cancers are caused by somatic mutations; however, understanding of the biological processes generating these mutations is limited. The catalogue of somatic mutations from a cancer genome bears the signatures of the mutational processes that have been operative. Here we analysed 4,938,362 mutations from 7,042 cancers and extractedmore than 20 distinct mutational signatures. Some are present ...

Journal: :Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN 2014
Philip E Lammers Christine M Lovly Leora Horn

Mutational testing has moved to the forefront as an integral component in the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently 3 targeted therapies (erlotinib, afatinib, and crizotinib) are approved by the FDA to treat patients with specific genetic abnormalities in NSCLC. As mutational screening expands to include a greater number of genes, the results will become more...

Journal: :Genetics 2013
Leigh C Latta Kendall K Morgan Casse S Weaver Desiree Allen Sarah Schaack Michael Lynch

Understanding how genetic variation is generated and how selection shapes mutation rates over evolutionary time requires knowledge of the factors influencing mutation and its effects on quantitative traits. We explore the impact of two factors, genomic background and generation time, on deleterious mutation in Daphnia pulicaria, a cyclically parthenogenic aquatic microcrustacean, using parallel...

2015
Brian A Walker Christopher P Wardell Alex Murison Eileen M Boyle Dil B Begum Nasrin M Dahir Paula Z Proszek Lorenzo Melchor Charlotte Pawlyn Martin F Kaiser David C Johnson Ya-Wei Qiang John R Jones David A Cairns Walter M Gregory Roger G Owen Gordon Cook Mark T Drayson Graham H Jackson Faith E Davies Gareth J Morgan

We have sequenced 463 presenting cases of myeloma entered into the UK Myeloma XI study using whole exome sequencing. Here we identify mutations induced as a consequence of misdirected AID in the partner oncogenes of IGH translocations, which are activating and associated with impaired clinical outcome. An APOBEC mutational signature is seen in 3.8% of cases and is linked to the translocation-me...

2017
Edward Dutton Guy Madison Curtis Dunkel

Industrialisation leads to relaxed selection and thus the accumulation of fitness-damaging genetic mutations. We argue that religion is a selected trait that would be highly sensitive to mutational load. We further argue that a specific form of religiousness was selected for in complex societies up until industrialisation based around the collective worship of moral gods. With the relaxation of...

Journal: :Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2023

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is distributed worldwide and causes significant losses in the poultry industry. In recent decades, lineages GI-19 GI-7 have become most prevalent IBV strains China. However, molecular evolution phylodynamics of lineage remain largely unknown. this study, we identified 19 from clinical samples January 2021 to June 2022 China, including 12 GI-19, 3 GI-7, 1 strain...

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