According to the tripartite model of the self (Brewer & Gardner, 1996), the self consists of three aspects: personal, relational, and collective. Correspondingly, individuals can achieve a sense of self-worth through their personal attributes (personal self-esteem), relationship with significant others (relational self-esteem), or social group membership (collective self-esteem). Existing measu...

numerous agencies have been at work to mitigate the miseries and sufferings of the livestock. Religion has advocated kindness, the law has prohibited cruelties and humane societies have come to the rescue of oppressed and maltreated animals. But these agencies tackle the relatively few cruelties inflicted by brutal and careless persons. Dr. Maurice C. Hall has rightly remarked that against the ...

Children’s self-concept and theory of mind are both important factors in children’s social, cognitive and emotional development. Research on gender diff erences in children’s theory of mind understanding reveals contradictory fi ndings such as higher degree of social understanding or theory of mind in girls (Villaneuva Badenes, Clemente Estevan, & Garcia Bacete 2000), boys score higher than gir...

We investigated how Facebook use and attitudes relate to self-esteem and college adjustment, and expected to find a positive relationship between Facebook and social adjustment, and a negative relationship between Facebook, self-esteem, and emotional adjustment. We examined these relationships in first-year and upper-class students and expected to find differences between the groups. Seventy un...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of taekwondo training on cognitive function and academic self-efficacy in children. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-five children participated in the study. Seventeen children were randomly selected to undergo taekwondo training for 16 weeks (5 times per week). As controls, 18 children received no training. Cognitive function and ...