PURPOSE To investigate non-cycloplegic changes in refractive error prior to the onset of presbyopia. METHODS The Aston Longitudinal Assessment of Presbyopia (ALAP) study is a prospective 2.5 year longitudinal study, measuring objective refractive error using a binocular open-field WAM-5500 autorefractor at 6-month intervals in participants aged between 33 and 45 years. RESULTS From the 58 p...

We study a joint inventory and pricing problem in a single-stage system with a positive lead time. We consider both additive and multiplicative demand forms. This problem is, in general, intractable due to its computational complexity. We develop a simple heuristic that resolves this issue. The heuristic involves a myopic pricing policy that generates each period’s price as a function of the in...

PURPOSE To group eyes in our refractive surgery unit on the basis of the origin of their ametropia and to assess the percentage of eyes in the different groups. METHODS Refractive parameters and the axial eye length (AL) of 131 eyes of 131 persons with different refraction were measured. The eyes were initially classified into five groups on the basis of the grade of their ametropia: hypermet...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether bifocal and prismatic bifocal spectacles could control myopia in children with high rates of myopic progression. METHODS This was a randomized controlled clinical trial. One hundred thirty-five (73 girls and 62 boys) myopic Chinese Canadian children (myopia of > or =1.00 diopters [D]) with myopic progression of at least 0.50 D in the preceding year were randomly...

We report seven cases of subretinal neovascularisation with inferior posterior staphyloma. The upper border of the shallow staphyloma, detected by B-mode echography, invaded the macular area, and there was a neovascular net at the edge of the staphyloma. Three of the cases showed chorioretinal atrophy at the upper edge of the staphyloma in the same location as the neovascular net. Our cases wer...

PURPOSE The study was performed to establish the relationship between the slope of the accommodative response function and refractive error in children. METHODS Using an autorefractor, accommodative responses were measured in children under the following conditions. The subjects wore their best subjective refraction to view targets (a 3 x 3 array of 20/100 letters) displayed at seven distance...

Myopic loss aversion was suggested by Benartzi and Thaler (1995) as the main explanation for the equity premium puzzle. We investigate the impact of myopic loss aversion on actual investment decisions of 400 Dutch individual investors, covered by the Dutch National Bank Household Survey. We find that higher loss aversion is associated with a lower share of investments in risky assets. The inves...

This paper studies the design of a nonlinear social security scheme in a society where individuals differ in two respects: productivity and degree of myopia. Myopic individuals may not save “enough” for their retirement because their “myopic self” emerges when labor supply and savings decisions are made. The social welfare function is paternalistic: the rate of time preference of the far-sighte...

Wavefront aberrations were measured using a psychophysical ray-tracing technique in both eyes of 316 emmetropic and moderately myopic school children and young adults. Myopic subjects were found to have greater mean root mean square (RMS) value of wavefront aberrations than emmetropic subjects. Emmetropic adults had the smallest mean RMS, which remained smaller than the values for myopic adults...

An interpretation system finds the likely mappings from portions of an image to real-world objects. An interpretation policy specifies when to apply which imaging operator, to which portion of the image, during every stage of interpretation. Earlier results compared a number of policies, and demonstrated that policies that select operators which maximize the information gain per cost, worked mo...