Planar photonic integrated circuits based on four-port couplers offer enhanced sophistication and functionality. Each four-port coupler is characterized by sixteen signal coupling coefficients governed by ten energy constraints. The ability to generate the constrained sixteen coupling coefficients is needed in the analysis of the four-port coupler. However, the energy constraint equations are n...

Higher order modes (HOM) can have a destructive influence on the beam emittance in the future linear colliders. Therefore it is important that the quality factor of the high impedance modes be damped under a safe level. Although attentive care was taken in designing the superconducting 9-cell cavities and the HOM couplers for the TESLA collider, a high Q and high impedance mode was discovered i...

This paper reports on area-efficient, ultrawideband, MEMS-reconfigurable directional couplers, whose coupling is tuned by mechanically changing the geometry of 3D-micromachined coupled transmission lines, utilizing integrated MEMS electrostatic actuators. Devices have been fabricated in an SOI RF MEMS process. Furthermore, to the best knowledge of the authors, we report for the first time on co...

Statistical properties of optical fields in nonlinear couplers composed of two waveguides in which Raman or Brillouin processes (with classical pumping) are in operation and which are mutually connected through the mutual Stokes and/or anti-Stokes linear interactions are investigated in the framework of a generalized superposition of coherent fields and quantum noise. Heisenberg equations descr...

A compact fully integrated wideband six-port device composed of a suspended stripline Wilkinson power divider and three bias stripline of 3-dB quadrature directional couplers is presented. In order to integrate a six-port circuit, a multilayer circuit structure has been adopted by the via hole interconnection at the output port of the divider. The 3-dB quadrature directional coupler is composed...

The passive resonator approach to fiber opt sensing has benefitted from recent advances in fiber High performance couplers, spliceless resonators' ic rotation components. , and long coherence length laser diodes have been described. Polarization maintaining components and 1.3 & 1.55 urn wavelength components are being made, and one company is selling high finesse resonators commercially2. This ...

Nanophotonic waveguides and components are promising for use in the large-scale integration of photonic circuits. Coupling light between nanophotonic waveguides and a single-mode fiber is an important problem and many different solutions have been proposed and demonstrated in recent years. In this paper, we discuss a grating coupler approach. Grating couplers can be placed anywhere on a circuit...

This paper deals with the various assumptions used in the design and analysis of distributed antenna system (DAS) for trains, tunnels and in-building wireless radio coverage. The design includes handover overlap design, base station connectivity, signal reticulation using splitters, couplers, bidirectional amplifiers, attenuators, discrete antennas, radiating cables and opto-electric couplers e...

Large area optical detection systems are required for applications including cell imaging, spectroscopy, nuclear medicine, bio diagnostics, radiation detection and high energy physics. Each of these applications requires that a detector or detector arrays be closely coupled with light sources or optical couplers such as fibres or light couplers. In this paper, the scaling of novel Silicon Photo...