subsets of neurons, or they may have more of a scaffolding function. A scenario of multiple transsynaptic signaling proteins for different subsets of glutamate synapses is a rather daunting possibility that must now be considered. Such a possibility would allow for the extensive heterogeneity found in molecular composition of individual gluta-matergic postsynaptic specializations, depending on ...

Regulatory motifs can be found by local multiple alignment of upstream regions from coregulated sets of genes, or regulons. We searched for regulatory motifs using the program AlignACE together with a set of filters that helped us choose the motifs most likely to be biologically relevant in 17 complete microbial genomes. We searched the upstream regions of potentially coregulated genes grouped ...

UNLABELLED Despite evidence for the prevalence of horizontal gene transfer of respiratory genes, little is known about how pathways functionally integrate within new hosts. One example of a mobile respiratory metabolism is bacterial chlorate reduction, which is frequently encoded on composite transposons. This implies that the essential components of the metabolism are encoded on these mobile e...

Acetylcholine receptors accumulate along the length of cholinergic neuron-skeletal muscle contacts in vitro. The main purpose of this study was to describe, in a quantitative way, the distribution of acetylcholine receptor clusters induced by ciliary ganglion neurons over a period of time extending from hours to weeks after contacts are established. Neurites were filled with Lucifer Yellow and ...

INTRODUCTION Mitochondria are a crucial organelle in the cell. They not only function as the powerhouse of the cell by creating most of the cell’s ATP, but they also have a large role in signaling, cell death, and cellular differentiation. They also have a separate genome from the rest of the cell that is inherited maternally. When mutations in this mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) occur, there are se...

His-Asp phosphorylation pathways (also known as two-component systems) enable bacteria (and primitive eukaryotic cells and/or eukaryotic organelles) to make important adaptive decisions in response to fluctuations in intraor extracellular chemical and/or physical conditions. These sensory systems are composed of a dimeric sensor protein, with an input domain and histidine kinase domain (HK), an...

Organelle biogenesis is concomitant to organelle inheritance during cell division. It is necessary that organelles double their size and divide to give rise to two identical daughter cells. Mitochondrial biogenesis occurs by growth and division of pre-existing organelles and is temporally coordinated with cell cycle events [1]. However, mitochondrial biogenesis is not only produced in associati...

s received after January 24, 2005 Metagenome Analysis of Contaminated Sediments at the DOE Hanford Site Natalia Maltsev1, Tanuja Bompada1, Banu Gopalan2 ([email protected]), Shu-mei Li3, Weiwen Zhang3, J. Chris Detter4, Paul Richardson4, Margie Romine3, and Fred Brockman3 1Bioinformatics Group, Argonne National Laboratory; 2Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Labora...

The dynamics of -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors, as represented by their exocytosis, endocytosis and cytoskeletal linkage, has often been implicated in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-dependent synaptic plasticity. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the AMPA receptor dynamics, cultured hippocampal neurons were stimulated with 100 M NM...