in this research a number of important and active phonological processes in standard german, spoken in berlin, have been studied. in this regard, four dictionaries: duden universal w?rterbuch (1998), langenscheidt (2002), brock haus (1996), and panbeh-chi (1379) have been used for gathering the data. furthermore, two german informants had a four-hour interview to complete the data. in addition,...

Whereas most previous studies on (super-)gang effects examined cases where two weaker constraints jointly beat another stronger constraint (Albright 2012; Shih 2017; Breiss & Albright 2022), this paper addresses gang that arise from multiple violations of a single constraint, which Jäger Rosenbach (2006) referred to as counting cumulativity. The super-additive version cumulativity is th...

European Portuguese (EP) is characterized by a large number of nasals encompassing five phonemic nasal vowels. One notable characteristic these sounds their dynamic nature, involving both oral and gestures, which makes study characterization challenging. The vowels, in particular, has been addressed using wide range technologies: early descriptions were based on acoustics nasalance, later expan...

The present paper describes a partial skull referred to Incadelphys antiquus, from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia). specimen includes anterior part with maxillae, premaxillae, nasals, lacrimals, frontals and jugal, both dentaries. Most teeth are preserved except some incisors. Some major characteristics elongation slenderness rostrum as compared other taxa narrowness blade-like morph...

Generally, it is quite difficult for Japanese language learners to acquire special morae, namely, geminate, syllabic nasals and long vowels compared independent morae. Among these three geminate particularly difficult, takes much longer fully both production perception of it. Especially Chinese native speakers, previous studies has shown that are in terms the fact not only no found language, bu...

Liangmai, a Tibeto-Burman member spoken in North East India (NEI), has twenty consonant phonemes and six vowel with four contrastive tones. Three stops three nasals permitted at the end of syllable all consonants occurs beginning syllable. A voiceless libio-dental fricative which is rare other NEI languages major consonant. Vowel system several diphthongs. The close central unrounded /ɨ/ can ap...

in this paper, the efficiency of persian speech phonemes from the point of view of efficiency in speaker recognition has been studied, and then with due attention to efficiencies, the ranking of phonemes has been done. for estimating the efficiencies of phonemes, we have introduced one criterion that has been defined in the form of phonemes “inter speaker distance” to “intra speaker distance” r...

The goal of our research is to find out the acoustical correlates of human perception of speaker identity. In this study we investigated the effects of the stimulus contents on perceptual speaker identification. Forty-eight monosyllables were used as the stimuli for identifying four male speakers. The results showed that the syllables containing a coronal nasal yielded higher identification acc...

Contrary to the fast radiation of most metazoans after the end-Permian mass extinction, it is believed that early marine reptiles evolved slowly during the same time interval. However, emerging discoveries of Early Triassic marine reptiles are questioning this traditional view. Here we present an aberrant basal ichthyosauriform with a hitherto unknown body design that suggests a fast radiation ...

The paper presents the results of a 2AFC offline wordidentification experiment by [1], reanalyzed to investigate how F0 discontinuities due to voiceless fricatives and voiceless stops affect cues to word segmentation in accentual-phraseinitial rises (APRs) of French relative to a reference condition with liquid and nasal consonants. Although preliminary due to the small sample size, we found in...