Natural gas plays an important role in the future development of electricity markets as it is the least emission intensive fossil generation option while additionally providing the needed flexibility in plant operation to deal with intermittent renewable generation. As both the electricity and the natural gas market rely on networks, congestion on one market may lead to changes on another. In a...

There is a great resolution calling for smart grids in recent years. Introduction of new technologies, that make the network flexible and controllable, is a main part of smart grid concept and a key factor to its success. Transmission network as a part of system network has drawn less attention. Transmission switching as a transmission service can release us from load shedding and remove the co...

Human conflict, geopolitical crises, terrorist attacks, and natural disasters can turn large parts of energy distribution networks offline. Europe's current gas supply network is largely dependent on deliveries from Russia and North Africa, creating vulnerabilities to social and political instabilities. During crises, less delivery may mean greater congestion, as the pipeline network is used in...

use of zinc and iron oxide are common in the desulfurization process from natural gas. in thisresearch, after determinations of the size and specifications through tem and xrd for each of the metaloxides, two different size ratios were used, 0.66 for zinc oxide and 0.142 for iron oxide. further, absorption of sulfur compounds in gas (hydrogen sulfide (h2s), carbonyl sulfide (cos), methyl mercap...

This paper proposes a new method for transmission loss allocation. The share of each bus in the transmission line losses is determined using transmission line loss equations with respect to bus-injected currents. Then, it is applied to the total network transmission lines. In the proposed method, comparing with other methods, a solution to remove the negative loss allocation has been introd...

nowadays one of the most important energy sources is natural gas. by depletion of oil reservoirs in the world, natural gasâ will emerge as the future energy source for human life. one of the major concerns of gas suppliers is being able to supply this source of energy the entire year. this concern intensifies during more consuming seasons of the year when the demand for natural gas increases, r...

This paper presents a method to allocate the transmission network costs to users based on nodal pricing approach by regulating the nodal prices from the marginal point to the new point. Transmission nodal pricing based on marginal prices is not able to produce enough revenue to recover the total transmission network costs. However, according to the previous studies in this context, this met...