Water and gas samples were collected from (1) nine shallow groundwater aquifers overlying Marcellus Shale in north-central West Virginia before active shale gas drilling, (2) wells producing gas from Upper Devonian sands and Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in southwestern Pennsylvania, (3) coal-mine water discharges in southwestern Pennsylvania, and (4) streams in southwestern Pennsylvania and ...

When drilling to obtain hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas), we cannot underestimate the anomalously high pressures in deposit layers, as these can cause an uncontrollable eruption. Therefore, it is important look for signs of anomalous contour over time, which, according a detailed analysis, could be used predict quantify formation pressures. These arise under conditions intense vertical migrat...

Mitchell and his team of geologists and engineers began working on the shale challenge in 1981, trying different combinations of processes and technologies before ultimately succeeding in 1997 with the use of a “slick-water” frac that made Barnett Shale economical to develop and in turn changed the future of the US natural gas industry [7]. Continuing on Mitchell’s success progress followed a p...

Motor-spindles are belong to a special class of complex dynamic systems natural and natural-anthropogenic origin, which can be realized both translational rotational motion, represent variety developing species. Such used in metalworking complexes, lathes, milling, drilling, grinding, multi-purpose other machines. In modern designs spindle units rolling bearings, hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, gas-...

Combustion in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine is controlled auto ignition of well-mixed fuel, air and residual gas. Since onset of HCCI combustion depends on the auto ignition of fuel/air mixture, there is no direct control on the start of combustion process. Therefore, HCCI combustion becomes unstable rather easily especially at lower and higher engine load. Charge strati...

This overview of different applications of CBR in petroleum engineering is based on a survey and comparative evaluation of different successful applications of CBR. The number of papers and research groups is indicative of importance, need, and growth of CBR in different industries. Application-oriented research in the area of case based reasoning has moved mature research results into practica...