in today’s world the concept of “city” without effective landscape is out of imagination. being focal points for human life and activities, cities have to consider the structure and functions which are influenced by natural systems. in this regard, landscapes are inevitable parts of cities with an essential metabolic role. unlike most countries which don’t have to deal with water shortage as a ...

Renovation of urban space is not possible without new approaches to the formation green spaces landscape gardening heritage. In restoring parks-monuments art, simultaneous consideration ecological and biological foundations, preservation historical structure plantations planning framework, as well meeting modern needs users these an important issue. The research aims formulate practical recomme...

Abstract Purpose Although plant functional type can modulate soils and their processes in natural, nitrogen (N)-limited ecosystems, little is known about ability to influence soil N dynamics urban ecosystems that have high excess input. We investigated whether i) effects on parks follow the same pattern as those undisturbed natural/semi-natural forests, ii) park age influences under boreal clim...

Park availability and land use diversity (LUD) are independent environmental correlates of physical activity (PA). This paper investigated whether parks were more likely to be used for PA if surrounded by greater LUD, as well as the interaction of LUD with the number of facilities in the park for predicting use of the park for PA. Facilities in 32 parks from 4 neighborhoods were audited and LUD...

The cooling effects of urban parks, which form “Park Cool Island” (PCI), can help decrease land surface temperature (LST) and mitigate urban heat island (UHI) effects. PCI intensity largely depends on the characteristics of urban parks. The relationship between PCI intensity and urban park characteristics such as urban park size has been well documented. However, it is still unclear how urban f...

Along with increasing concerns on environmental protection and global warming mitigation, new industrial organization modes such as "Ecoindustrial Park" and "Low Carbon Industrial Park" are emerging. Since ecoindustrial parks and low carbon industrial parks may offer multifaceted benefits to the users, it naturally follows that the sustainability assessment of the industrial parks ought to adop...

BACKGROUND Little national evidence is available on spatial disparities in distributions of parks and green spaces in the USA. PURPOSE This study examines ecological associations of spatial access to parks and green spaces with percentages of black, Hispanic, and low-income residents across the urban-rural continuum in the conterminous USA. METHODS Census tract-level park and green space da...

The importance of natural disturbances for biodiversity is well-documented in the disturbance ecology literature. Natural such as fire, wind, and flooding strongly influence ecosystems by creating short long-term ecological processes. Conservation management protected areas should consider since shifts are, a perspective, necessary to maintain high biodiversity. purpose this study explore how i...

urban parks as public green space have played a unique and indispensable role in providing recreation opportunities and functions to urban populations. as a result of population growth and density, the sustainability of urban parks is a challenging management task. there exists a need to adopt effective management strategies for achieving the sustainable development and management of urban park...