Dr. J. Roma, Nephrology Service, Hospital Creu Roja, Dos de Mayo 301, Barcelona 25 (Spain) Dear Sir, Spontaneous parathyroid hemorrhage has been reported in a few cases of primary hyperparathyroidism due to adenoma [1] or hyperplasia [2], but to our knowledge, it has not been described in secondary hyperparathyroidism. We wish to report a woman with chronic renal failure who developed spontaneo...

We report on a rare case of anatomical variations of the infrahyoid muscles with prominent clinical significance. The aberrant anatomy was on the right side of the neck and involved the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles. The superior belly of the omohyoid was duplicated in width due to an aberrant belly anteriorly and merged with fibers of the inferior belly inferiorly and the sternohyoid muscle...

chronic subdural hematoma (csdh) is a curable entity frequently encountered by neurosurgeons. the present study was conducted to explore expert opinion and common practice in iran. besides, a review of randomized clinical trials in literature was performed. a questionnaire including six questions discussing major aspects of practice on csdh, with multiple choices was designed. a pilot study was...

spinal epidural haemorrhage may present as back pain associated with radicular symptoms and can be a catastrophic clinical scenario with progression to paraplegia or even sudden death. being a rare entity, it needs a high index ofclinical suspicion to diagnose it. fractures have been documented as a cause of hematorrachis but such hematomas only extend to one or two vertebral segments. large ep...

BACKGROUND Robots have allowed head and neck surgeons to extirpate oropharyngeal tumors safely without the need for lip-split incision or mandibulotomy. Using robots in oropharyngeal reconstruction is new but essential for oropharyngeal defects that result from robotic tumor excision. We report our experience with robotic free-flap reconstruction of head and neck defects to exemplify the necess...

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is considered as the major cause of mortality and hospitalization of about ten million people across the globe. Most of these patients are young and active people suffering disabilities. Tranexamic acid therapy is commonly used to reduce blood loss and need for blood transfusions in surgical cases. This study aimed at investigating the effect of tr...

STUDY DESIGN Case series. PURPOSE To present results of conservative management in patients with pure C2 body fractures. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Axis body fractures, a less common subgroup of C2 fractures, are commonly classified as vertical coronal, vertical sagittal, and transverse subtypes. While the treatment paradigm for other C2 fractures is clear, there is insufficient evidence to sup...

Femoral neck fracture puts at risk functional prognosis in young patients and can be life-threatening in the elderly. The present study reviews methods of femoral head vascularity assessment following neck fracture, to address the following issues: what is the risk of osteonecrosis? And what, in the light of this risk, is the best-adapted treatment to avoid iterative surgery? Femoral head vascu...