OBJECTIVE HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa increasingly occurs among people who inject drugs (PWID). Kenya is one of the first to implement a national needle and syringe program. Our study undertook a baseline assessment as part of evaluating needle and syringe program in a seek, test, treat, and retain approach. METHODS Participants enrolled between May and December 2012 from 10 sites. Re...

CASE REPORT A bedbound 62 year old woman attended our department. She had multiple sclerosis and her long term suprapubic catheter was not draining. The catheter balloon would not deflate. The valve mechanism was cut off and a fine guidewire was passed down the balloon’s insufflation passage, but the balloon would still not deflate. The following action was taken. Gentle traction was applied to...

The incidence of epidural needle-induced post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) in parturients following dural puncture with a large bore (18-gauge) needle has been reported to range 76-85%. We describe seven cases in which the performance of epidural anesthesia in parturients was complicated by an unintentional dural puncture with an 18-gauge epidural needle. In all seven cases, the unintentional...

Drug use is an alarming problem in Bangladesh. An estimated 1.7 million people are drug users in the country (1). Injecting drug users present a tremendous potential for an HIV epidemic due to their needle-sharing habits, while non-injecting drug users are also prone to spread/ receive HIV infection through their unsafe sexual behaviour. Several studies have reported needle/syringe-sharing habi...

Needle-free injection devices (NFIDs) have been available for humans since the 1930s. Their implementation in the swine industry has been slow because of the low cost and ease of use of needle-syringe injection. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in needle-free devices in swine due to two main factors: immunology research, indicating that targeting dendritic cells in the skin and the s...

While practicing anesthesia in developing and underdeveloped countries, it is important to consider not only the quality of anesthesia but also the cost-effectiveness. I read the article by Singh et al. where the author mentions cost-effective indigenous drug delivery system for nerve blocks.[1] The mentioned technique is an attempt and concentrated mainly on cost-effectiveness. We do regularly...

Gonadotrophins are injected daily over several days in follicular stimulation protocols. To facilitate self-injection, various injection or reconstitution devices are available. It was investigated whether injection training enabled patients to choose their preferred device. Patients and their partners received nurse-led training about: powdered urofollitropin (Bravelle) with needle-free recons...