A new Streptomycete was isolated from soils of Andhra Pradesh in India. The morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characters were studied, compared to known species and identified as a new species of Streptomyces rufus. Antibiotic activity of the strain was tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi and yeasts.

This chapter describes methods for targeted knockouts using marker exchange mutagenesis and complementation of the Gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. We have used these methods to demonstrate that type I secretion and modification systems are involved in avrXa21 activity of X. oryzae pv. oryzae.