This paper deals with so-called exponential neighborhoods for combinatorial optimization problems, i.e. with large sets of feasible solutions whose size grows exponentially with the input length. We are especially interested in exponential neighborhoods over which the TSP (respectively, the QAP) can be solved in polynomial time, and we investigate combinatorial and algorithmical questions relat...

Burchfield, K. B. and E. Silver (2013). "Collective Efficacy and Crime in Los Angeles Neighborhoods: Implications for the Latino Paradox* Collective Efficacy and Crime in Los Angeles Neighborhoods: Implications for the Latino Paradox." Sociological Inquiry 83(1): 154-176.  The authors use data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Study (LAFANS) to examine the degree to which social tie...

We examine the longitudinal fortunes of the poorest fifth of U.S. metropolitan neighborhoods, defined as those with 20 percent or higher poverty rates in 1980. We employ logistic regression to identify the factors correlated with 1980-1990 increases and decreases in poverty rates across these poor neighborhoods, and examine whether factors vary by predominant racial/ethnic composition. Regional...

Working papers of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment on research in progress. They may not have been subject to the formal editorial review accorded offi cial Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland publications. The views stated herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Ban...

Working papers of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment on research in progress. They may not have been subject to the formal editorial review accorded offi cial Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland publications. The views stated herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Ban...

Worldwide, diarrheal disease is a leading cause of death affecting over 1.7 million individuals annually. Much of this can be attributed to lack of clean water, sanitation and hygiene. Nearly all of these deaths occur in countries with developing economies. This public health problem is apparent in the island of Hispaniola; the island that is shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Signific...

BACKGROUND There is a scientific and practical need for high-quality effectiveness studies of physical activity interventions in "real-world" settings. OBJECTIVE To use a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to develop, implement, operate, and evaluate an intervention for promoting physical activity called Neighborhoods on the Move. METHODS Two communities with similar phy...

This study re-analyzed data on adolescent health outcomes (N = 1780; M age = 15.15, SD = 2.30) from a 5-year evaluation of the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) Program. The MTO program is a randomized experiment conducted in five cities in the United States (Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles and New York) in which low-income families living in public housing in 'high-poverty' neighborhoods wer...

during the past several decades, neighborhoods have experienced gentrification phenomenon in a number of cities. gentrification, the process of neighborhood change that results in the replacement of lower income residents with higher income ones, has altered the character of hundreds of urban neighborhoods in many north american and european cities. in this paper we state how does gentrificatio...

today, the women from the half of the civil society population and from the perspective of security in the urban society, they are vulnerable social groups that their security is threatened in different ways. this study seeks to examine the factors affecting social security of women living in two neighborhoods in vanak and sarasiab. research theoretical model is composed (inspired by the views ...