Insect vectors are required for the transmission of many species of parasitic nematodes, but the mechanisms by which the vectors and nematodes coordinate their life cycles are poorly understood. Here, we report that ascarosides, an evolutionarily conserved family of nematode pheromones, are produced not only by a plant-parasitic nematode, but also by its vector beetle. The pinewood nematode and...

Determinatitm and use of economic thresholds is considered essential in nematode pest management programs. The economic efficiency of control measures is lnaximized when the difference hetween the crop valne and the cost of pest control is greatest. Since the cost of reducing the nematnde pnpnlation varies with the magnitutle of the reduction attempted, an economic (optimizing) threshold can be...

to evaluate the effect of metarhizium anisopliae and trichoderma harzianum on root knot nematode (meloidogyne javanica) in tomato, experiments was performed under controlled as well as greenhouse conditions. volatile and non-volatile tests showed that there is no inhibitory effect against every one of each biocontrol agents. on the larval mortality and inhibition of egg hatching, a laboratory t...

The presence of the anisakid nematode Hysterothylacium gadi aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) is reported for the first time in cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) as a new host in freshwater farms from Turkey. This marine parasitic nematode is thought to complete the life cycle in fresh water and rainbow trout could act as the definitive host for this parasite under fresh water c...

Metalaxyl significantly reduced population of Pratylenchus coffeae, Radopholus similis, and Tylenchulus semipenetrans in roots of Citrus limon (rough lemon) under greenhouse conditions. Postinoculation treatment of rough lemon seedlings was not as effective i n reducing nematode populations as was treatment before inoculation. Fewer nematodes infected metalaxyl-treated roots than nontreated roo...

The susceptibility of all nymphal and adult stages of the Acridid grasshopper H. littoralis to different inoculum levels of the insect pathogenic nematodes of the family Heterorahabitidae was recorded. The two tested nematode species were local isolates belong to Heterorhabditis indica (Poinar, Karunakar & David, 1992) (isolate EGB4) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1979) (isolate EKB...

pasteuria penetrans is a bacterial parasite of some plant parasite of nematodes whichcan attach to the cuticle of nematode. differences in attachment of p. penetrans spores to the second stag juvenile (j2) cuticle may provide evidence for nematode cuticle diversity even between different ages of j2s. for investigating this purpose, we studied the effect of different ages of the same population ...

the present study was carried out to determine parasitic infection of sheep with gastrointestinal helminthes in a slaughterhouse in fereidoonkenar city, iran. a total number of 50 sheep were examined from april to september 2008. nematodes were removed from abomasums, small and large intestines, and kept in a.f.a. solution (alcohol, formaldeyde, acetic acid, distilled water, and glycerine) for ...

The ectoparasitic dagger nematode (Xiphinema index), vector of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), provokes gall formation and can cause severe damage to the root system of grapevines. Mycorrhiza formation by Glomus (syn. Rhizophagus) intraradices BEG141 reduced both gall formation on roots of the grapevine rootstock SO4 (Vitis berlandieri×V. riparia) and nematode number in the surrounding soil. Su...

Benzimidazole (BZ) resistance is widespread and appears to be readily selected in a variety of nematode parasites of animals. There have been reports of a lack of efficacy of BZ anthelmintics against soil transmitted nematode parasites of humans. However, resistance to BZs in nematodes of humans has not been confirmed. It is difficult to perform tests to confirm anthelmintic resistance in human...