This article synthesizes the results of recent work wherein nanoscale resolution for resist-based lithography was obtained using the gas field ionization source. First, exposure species are compared in terms of resolution and exposure efficiency. Next, exposure efficiency is related to the state of the art in practical throughput. Then, the effect of shot noise on pattern fidelity is discussed....

We report two-dimensional density measurements in a supersonic expansion using beam-deflection optical tomography. Quantitative, high-resolution images with absolute accuracy to 3.5% and spatial resolution to 50 microm were taken with a helium-neon laser and simple apparatus.

5083 Meshik, A., Mabry, J, Hohenberg, C., Marrocchi, Y, Pravdivtseva, O., Burnett, D, Ollinger, C., Wiens, R., Reisenfeld, D., Allton, J., McNamara, K, Stansbery E, & Jurewicz A.(2007) Constraints on Neon and Argon isotopic fractionation in solar wind. Science

A hot-air turbulence emulator is employed for generating controlled optical clear air turbulence in the weak fluctuation regime in laboratory conditions. The analysis of the first and second-order statistical moments of the fluctuating intensity of a propagating infra-red (IR) laser beam through the turbulence emulator is made and the results are compared with bi-directional shore-to-ship marit...

We report for the first time the absorption and fluorescence spectra of gold dimers in a neon matrix. The dimer absorption spectra show the A←X transition predicted from measurements in the gas phase and not observed so far in a matrix, as well as the so-called B←X and C←X transitions. Fluorescence measurements on the atom reveal new emission lines at 1.97, 3.59 and 4.09 eV that can be assigned...

We have evolved a series of thirteen complete solar models that utilize different assumed heavy element compositions. Models that are based upon the heavy element abundances recently determined by Asplund, Grevesse, & Sauval (2005) are inconsistent with helioseismological measurements. However, models in which the neon abundance is increased by 0.4-0.5 dex to [Ne/H] = 8.29 ± 0.05 are consistent...

Using deep inelastic neutron scattering, direct measurements have been made, i) of the dynamic structure factor of a series of condensed argon samples over the temperature range 18 to 85 K, near melting (for wave-vector transfers 12 to 26 Ä 1 ) and ii) of liquid neon, near 27 K (for wave-vector transfers 10.4 to 27.6 Ä 1 ) . Neutron time-of-flight chopper spectrometers were employed. Singlepart...

The paper reports investigations of the characteristics of phase space distributions in forward–backward semiclassical dynamics (FBSD) calculations. By virtue of Liouville’s theorem and energy conservation, the volume of the negative regions is rigorously conserved and the energy distribution is invariant during time evolution. Thus, while the phase space density is not invariant under FBSD, ex...

A real-time visual proces:sing theory is used to analyze real and illusory contour formation, contour and :brightness interactions, neon color spreading, complementary color induction, and filling-in of discounted illuminants and s<;otomas. The theory also physically interprets and generalizes Land's retinex theory. These phenomena are traced to adaptive processes that overcome limitations of v...