Adequate energy and a balance of essential nutrients are dietary requisites if optimal growth and development are to be achieved during infancy. Energy deposition will be determined by the relative balance between the oxidative and synthetic processes within the body. The energy cost of growth may be regarded as two components, the energy deposited in newly synthesized tissues and the energy ex...

anxiety during pregnancy: a risk factor for neonatal physical outcome? alipour z1, lamyian m*2, hajizadeh e3 received: 25 april, 2010 accepted: 27 july, 2010 abstract background & aims: antenatal maternal anxiety is common during pregnancy and may have side effects on mother and neonate. the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal anxiety and neonatal outcomes in nul...

Pulmonary artery sling is an uncommon entity in the neonatal period. It defined as abnormally originated left pulmonary arising from posterior aspect of right artery. Because associated structures this region, mostly originating sixth aortic arch, tracheobronchial anomalies and congenital heart defects, it frequently accompanies sling. Etiology has not been determined to date. Surgical correcti...

The metabolic rate of the fetus per tissue weight is relatively high when compared to that of an adult. Moreover, heat is transferred to the fetus via the placenta and the uterus, resulting in a 0.3 degrees C to 0.5 degrees C higher temperature than that of the mother. Therefore, fetal temperature is maternally dependent until birth. At birth, the neonate rapidly cools in response to the relati...