Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a known environmental pollutant and tobacco smoke carcinogen, is metabolically activated to highly tumorigenic B[a]P diol epoxide derivatives that predominantly form N(2)-guanine adducts in cellular DNA. Although nucleotide excision repair (NER) is an important cellular defense mechanism, the molecular basis of recognition of these bulky lesions is poorly understood. In ...

Extracting named entities in text and linking extracted names to a given knowledge base are fundamental tasks in applications for text understanding. Existing systems typically run a named entity recognition (NER) model to extract entity names first, then run an entity linking model to link extracted names to a knowledge base. NER and linking models are usually trained separately, and the mutua...

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is an important DNA repair mechanism required for cellular resistance against UV light and toxic chemicals such as those found in tobacco smoke. In living cells, NER efficiently detects and removes DNA lesions within the large nuclear macromolecular complex called chromatin. The condensed nature of chromatin inhibits many DNA metabolizing activities, including N...

UVB radiation is the most mutagenic component of the UV spectrum that reaches the earth's surface and causes the development of DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts. UV radiation usually results in cellular death, but if left unchecked, it can affect DNA integrity, cell and tissue homeostasis and cause mutations in oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes. ...

From its very beginning, life has faced the fundamental problem that the form in which genetic information is stored is not chemically inert. DNA integrity is challenged by the damaging effect of numerous chemical and physical agents, compromizing its function. To protect this Achilles heel, an intricate network of DNA repair systems has evolved early in evolution. One of these is nucleotide ex...

UNLABELLED The relationship between sun exposure and nonmelanoma skin cancer risk is well established. Solar UV (wavelength 280-400 nm) is firmly implicated in skin cancer development. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) protects against cancer by removing potentially mutagenic DNA lesions induced by UVB (280-320 nm). How the 20-fold more abundant UVA (320-400 nm) component of solar UV radiation i...

Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental technique in natural language processing that provides preconditions for tasks, such as question reasoning, text matching, and semantic similarity. Compared to English, the challenge of Chinese NER lies noise impact caused by complex meanings, diverse structures, ambiguous boundaries itself. At same time, compared with specific domains, open-domai...

The Named Entity Recognition (NER) is very important task revolving around many natural language processing applications. However, most Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems have been developed using either of two approaches: a rule-based or Machine Learning (ML) based approach, with their effectiveness and weaknesses. In this paper, the problem of Amazighe NER is tackled through using the two...

Recent work in NLP has attempted to deal with low-resource languages but still assumed a resource level that is not present for most languages, e.g., the availability of Wikipedia in the target language. We propose a simple method for crosslingual named entity recognition (NER) that works well in settings with very minimal resources. Our approach makes use of a lexicon to “translate” annotated ...

We present a joint system for named entity recognition (NER) and entity linking (EL), allowing for named entities mentions extracted from textual data to be matched to uniquely identifiable entities. Our approach relies on combined NER modules which transfer the disambiguation step to the EL component, where referential knowledge about entities can be used to select a correct entity reading. Hy...