Painful neuroma is a common sequela of peripheral nerve injury which is usually resistant to pharmacologic treatment and requires surgical intervention. The widely accepted methods of neuroma management prevent regrowth of nerve fibers, thus precluding any functional repair. The present study reviews the currently used methods and experimental approaches to prevent and cure neuromas developing ...

Digital nerve injuries are common; injuries of the common digital nerves are less frequent than those involving the proper digital nerves. Traditional techniques used to reconstruct peripheral nerves are: direct suture, autologous nerve grafts, autologous vein grafts, vascularised nerve graft and alloplastic nerve grafts. Autologous nerve grafts remain the most common conduits for segmental def...

Proximal nerve injuries are well‐known to produce atrophy of the distal effectors. This is evident in injuries of major nerve trunks in the upper limb. The ulnar nerve has shown to have the lowest regenerative rate.[1,2] Distal neurotization through end‐to‐side coaptation has been employed[3] to bring new axons into distal effectors in case of proximal nerve trunk injury to avoid distal effecto...

Following peripheral nerve trauma, no technique induces axons to regenerate across a long nerve gaps and restore neurological function. The standard clinical “gold standard” technique for bridging nerve gaps is a graft of pure sensory nerve. However, sensory nerve grafts have many limitations because they only induce good axon regeneration across gaps <2 cm in length, for the nerves repaired <2...

Background. Peripheral nerve injury treatment options are limited to primary nerve repair, nerve grafting, and tendon transfers. In this case, a large suitable donor site was easily accessible and delayed grafting was indicative of poor prognosis. Case Description. A 25-year-old soldier presented to a military hospital in Afghanistan following a roadside bomb attack. The patient had a medial sh...

Avulsion of spinal nerve roots in the brachial plexus (BP) can be repaired by crossing nerve transfer via a nerve graft to connect injured nerve ends to the BP contralateral to the lesioned side. Sensory recovery in these patients suggests that the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is activated by afferent inputs that bypassed to the contralateral BP. To confirm this hypothesis, t...

There are various options for the treatment of occluded femoropopliteal (fem-pop) bypass graft. Although surgical revision is the gold standard, it is also associated with higher rates of complications such as nerve injury, wound and graft infection, and bleeding. In this case report we present the case of fem-pop in graft occlusion in which percutaneous angioplasty and stenting was performed t...

Our previous report demonstrated that autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) combined with xenogeneic acellular nerve matrix (XANM) can support the regeneration of defective nerves. Although ADSCs had the potential to replace Schwann cells in engineered-tissue nerves, apoptosis easily obstructed the ability to treat serious nerve injury in the host, such as a >50-mm-long nerv...

End-to-side neurorrhaphy has proven effective in basic research and in clinical application. One of the methods of end-to-side neurorrhaphy, nerve bypass technique, has been reported and axon regeneration has been proven. In clinical application, the utility of the nerve bypass technique has been revealed in some cases; however, these bypasses were performed using nonvascularized nerves. We ini...

BACKGROUND Based on growing evidence that some adult multipotent cells necessary for tissue regeneration reside in the walls of blood vessels and the clinical success of vein wrapping for functional repair of nerve damage, we hypothesized that the repair of nerves via vein wrapping is mediated by cells migrating from the implanted venous grafts into the nerve bundle. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FIN...