background: anaplasmosis belongs to the complex of several tick-borne diseases and can cause diseases in the livestock with high economical losses. cattle that recover from acute infection become carriers and the parasite can persist most probably for the lifetime in the blood. the aim of the present study was the determination of the persistently infected cattle in a region of iran with the pr...

BACKGROUND Splicing of DNA molecules is an important task in molecular biology that facilitates cloning, mutagenesis and creation of chimeric genes. Mutagenesis and DNA splicing techniques exist, some requiring restriction enzymes, and others utilize staggered reannealing approaches. RESULTS A method for DNA splicing and mutagenesis without restriction enzymes is described. The method is base...

Background: Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is the primary cause of enzootic bovine leukaemia which belongs to the HTLV/BLV group of oncogenic retroviruses including Human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1, 2, and 3 and simian T-lymphotropic virus. Due to daily consumption of milk, meat and other dairy by-products, a possible role in appearing human cancers can be assumed for BLV. Materials and Metho...

background: the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis is mainly based on clinical features. however, ocular fluid testing by pcr may be very helpful for approval or rejection of this etiology. in this study, we utilized a nested-pcr technique, targeting the b1 partial sequence to analyze the aqueous and vitreous samples for evaluating the presence of the toxoplasma dna. methods: fifty aqueous or vi...

A nested reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR assay detected mRNA of the salmonid pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum in samples of RNA extracts of between 1 and 10 cells. Total RNA was extracted from cultured bacteria, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) kidney tissue and ovarian fluid seeded with the pathogen, and kidney tissue from both experimentally challenged and commercially raised fish. Followin...

trematodes are important in economic and public health. ornithobilharzia turkestanicum (o. turkestanicum) is one of the important economic trematodes in domestic animals. ornithobilharzia infection in intermediate host (lymnaea gedrosiana ) can be detected by either exposing snails to light to induce cercarial shedding or by squeezing them between glass slides to detect parasites. the current a...

background: diagnosis of some diseases is difficult due to invasive sampling. urine has been candi-date as a non-invasive and convenient alternative. it has many advantages and easy accessibility but some technical ills should be removed. finding a suitable extraction method for improving urine dna quantity and quality in altering invasive specimens for molecular diagnosis of some infectious di...

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory tract infection and community-acquired pneumonia. During an extensive outbreak of C. pneumoniae in northern Sweden, 319 respiratory samples from 129 persons were collected. Sputum, throat, and nasopharyngeal samples were obtained and analyzed by nested touchdown polymerase chain reaction (PCR), EIA, and culture in Hep-2 and McCoy cells. Sero...