Perennial herbaceous plants such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) are being evaluated as cellulosic bioenergy crops. Two major concerns have been the net energy efficiency and economic feasibility of switchgrass and similar crops. All previous energy analyses have been based on data from research plots (<5 m2) and estimated inputs. We managed switchgrass as a biomass energy crop in field tr...

Abstract We derive an analytical expression for the mean load at each node of arbitrary undirected graph non-uniform multicommodity flow problem under weighted random routing. show node, net its demand and normalized by (weighted) degree, is a constant equal to trace product two matrices: Laplacian matrix generalized inverse Laplacian. For case uniform demand, this reduces sum inverses non-zero...

We study the low energy asymptotics of periodic and random Laplace operators on Cayley graphs of amenable, finitely generated groups. For the periodic operator the asymptotics is characterised by the van Hove exponent or zeroth Novikov-Shubin invariant. The random model we consider is given in terms of an adjacency Laplacian on site or edge percolation subgraphs of the Cayley graph. The asympto...

In principal component analysis (PCA), `2/`1-norm is widely used to measure coding residual. In this case, it assume that the residual follows Gaussian/Laplacian distribution. However, it may fail to describe the coding errors in practice when there are outliers. Toward this end, this paper propose a Robust Sparse PCA (RSPCA) approach to solve the outlier problem, by modeling the sparse coding ...

Component models were developed to predict the net efficiency of ME utilization for gain in cattle and to predict daily gain using recovered energy as the input. These models were integrated into a single model to predict daily gain from ME available for gain. One component model predicts the net efficiency of ME utilization for gain using constant partial net efficiencies of 0.2 and 0.75 for M...

Considering the rapid depletion of natural resources because increasing comfort conditions in living spaces and expectations from buildings due to developing technology climate change, today it has become inevitable develop effective policies meet energy demand create renewable sustainable systems. In this context, new generation building design architecture requires regulations that reduce con...

Biogeosciences Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Biogeosciences (BG). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in BG if available. Abstract Low energy balance closure (EBC) at a particular eddy-covariance flux site increased the uncertainties of carbon, water and energy measurements and thus hampered the urgent research of scaling up and modeling an...

This paper proposes an algorithm to extract a target region from a color image. The algorithm utilizes the active net for stable target extraction. In order t o extend the original active net for color image analysis, the image energy function of the net is defined by the function, called the Ratio Histogram, of the histogram backprojection method. Since ratio histogram is computed from both co...