Credit contagion refers to the propagation of economic distress from one firm to another. This article proposes a reduced-form model for these contagion phenomena, assuming they are due to the local interaction of firms in a business partner network. We study aggregate credit losses on large portfolios of financial positions contracted with firms subject to credit contagion. In particular, we p...

An additional voltage stage of 0,95 kV allows to reduce losses for the transmission electricity in long-distance distribution networks with sufficient transmitted power. A pilot project such network has been implemented. However, practice using this class is not widespread at present. As an energy-saving means networks, it possible use a load equalization device operating on principle redistrib...

The restructuring of Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) all over the world thatstartedmainlyinthe 20th century introduces an open electricity marketfor trading electricity betweengenerators and suppliers in competitive environments. Market participants utilize thenetwork differently to maximize their profits. This transformation consists of two aspects that are related with each other; restructu...

TCP performs reasonably well over the Internet where packet losses are mainly due to network congestion. However, TCP suffers significant throughput degradation over hybrid wireless/IP networks where packet losses are also due to transmission errors in wireless segments and during mobile host handovers. In this paper, the micro-scale behavior and packet-level performance of four popular TCP var...

This paper describes experiments of Internet modeling and of Internet-based teleoperation aimed at developing control laws to overcome the variable time-delay and data losses typical of Internet communication. From a control perspective, Internet is shown to be characterized by mean and jitter of the data packets delay, and by packet losses. Furthermore, these parameters depend on the number of...

Wireless Communication, one of the important demanding technologies basically suffers from unreliable nature due to its high bit error rate caused by handoffs. Transmission Control Protocol, the reliable successful Transport Protocol, basically designed for a wired network handles network congestion effectively. When TCP is implemented over Wireless Network, there will be significant loss due t...