High-efficiency polymer light-emitting diodes were fabricated by inserting a layer of nonionic neutral surfactant between the electroluminescent (EL) layer and the high-work-function aluminum cathode via spin coating. It was found that both the poly(ethylene glycol)- and poly(propylene glycol)-based surfactants as well as their copolymers can all demonstrate similar performance enhancement. Dev...

We have analyzed the H I aperture synthesis image of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), using an objective and quantitative measure of topology to understand the H I distribution hosting a number of holes and clumps of various sizes in the medium. The H I distribution shows different topology at four different chosen scales. At the smallest scales explored (19 ∼ 29 pc), the H I mass is distribut...

The role and application of bound excitons in nanoscience and technology are discussed in this chapter. Bound excitons are well studied in semiconductors, especially in gallium phosphide doped by nitrogen (GaP:N). Doping of GaP with N leads to isoelectronic substitution of the host P atoms by N in its crystal lattice and to creation of the electron trap with a giant capture cross-section. There...

The Standard Model of particle physics has been remarkably successful in describing present experimental results. However, it is assumed to be only a low-energy effective theory which will break down at higher energy scales, theoretically motivated to be around 1 TeV. There are a variety of proposed models of new physics beyond the Standard Model, most notably supersymmetric and extra dimension...

In this paper, via employing the uniformly modified form of generalized off-shell Helmholtz free energy, we investigate topological numbers for four-dimensional neutral Lorentzian Taub-NUT, Taub-NUT-AdS and Kerr-NUT spacetimes, find that these solutions can also be classified into one three types those well-known black hole solutions, which implies spacetimes should viewed as generic holes from...

We study the circular orbits of charged particles around a weakly Schwarzschild black hole immersed in weak, axisymmetric magnetic field. start by reviewing neutral and only magnetized holes. The case is investigated then. In particular, we effect electromagnetic forces on particle innermost stable orbits. show that negative energy are possible two bands orbits, separated gap no can exist. astr...

The drilling is well known as one of the most common hole making processes in the industry.Due to close tolerance requirement for drilled holes in the most of work pieces, onlinecontrolling of the diameter of drilled holes seems to be necessary. In the current work, an onlinedimensional controlling system was developed for drilling process. Doing this, drilling processwas executed in different ...

Recently neutral and charged black-hole solutions were found for static perfect fluid with the equation of state $$p(r)=-\rho (r)/3$$ , only as well in presence electric field. In those works, stability black holes studied an analytic manner, which concluded that are unconditionally unstable. this work, we focus particularly on numerical study instability. For without horizons, solve perturbati...