We discuss various aspects of the post-Newtonian approximation in general relativity. After presenting the foundation based on the Newtonian limit, we use the (3+1) formalism to formulate the post-Newtonian approximation for the perfect fluid. As an application we show the method for constructing the equilibrium configuration of nonaxisymmetric uniformly rotating fluid. We also discuss the grav...

INTRODUCTION This paper represents the numerical simulation of blood flow in the circle of Willis (CoW). Circle of Willis is responsible for the oxygenated blood distribution into the cerebral mass. To investigate the blood behavior, two Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosity models were considered and the results were compared under steady state conditions. METHODS Methodologically, the arter...

The flow of blood in narrow arteries with bell-shaped mild stenosis is investigated that treats blood as non-Newtonian fluid by using the K-L model. When skin friction and resistance of blood flow are normalized with respect to non-Newtonian blood in normal artery, the results present the effect of stenosis length. When skin friction and resistance of blood flow are normalized with respect to N...

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was introduced to the arsenal of surgical techniques in 1987 and has become the gold standard in treating cholecystolithiasis. In spite of undoubted benefi ts for patients, it is not a complication-free procedure. The type of complications after a classical , i.e. " open " surgery and LC do not differ in a significant way. The difference lies in their prevalenc...

The kinetic theory of precipitating electrons with Maxwellian source plasma yields the well-known current-voltage relationship (CV-relationship; Knight formula), which can in most cases be accurately approximated by a reduced linear formula. Our question is whether it is possible to obtain this CV-relationship from ̄uid theory, and if so, to what extent it is physically equivalent with the more...

ects of early norepinephrine for septic shock with lifethreatening hypotension. Th eir observations fi rst answer ‘yes’ to the question ‘Can norepinephrine alone restore mean arterial pressure (MAP) in septic shock?’ Second, as an answer to ‘How does norepinephrine alone restore MAP?’, they confi rm that norepinephrine restores MAP despite minimal fl uid administration through ‘recruiting’ unst...

Compared to the simple one-component case, the phase behaviour of binary liquid mixtures shows an incredibly rich variety of phenomena. In this contribution we restrict ourselves to so-called binary symmetric mixtures, i.e. where like-particle interactions are equal (F11(r)ˆF22(r)), whereas the interactions between unlike ̄uid particles differ from those of likes ones (F11(r) 6ˆ F12(r)). Using b...

In this work, we present results from a new formulation for determining image velocities from a time-sequence of X-ray projection images of owing uid. Starting with the conservation of mass principle, and physics of X-ray projection, we derive a motion constraint equation for projection imaging, a practical special case of which is shown to be the Horn and Schunck's optical ow constraint. We ar...

| We study uid analogues of a subclass of Petri nets, called Fluid Timed Event Graphs with Multipliers, which are a timed extension of weighted T-Systems studied in the Petri Net literature. These event graphs can be studied naturally, with a new algebra, analogous to the min-plus algebra, but deened on piecewise linear concave increasing functions, endowed with the pointwise minimum as additio...

When a seismic wave propagates in a uid-saturated porous medium, a seismoelectric eld can be induced in the medium due to an electric double layer at the interface between solid and uid. The strength of the seismoelectric eld depends on the characteristics of the double layer and the conductivity of the saturant uid. In our experiments two kinds of seismoelectric elds, a radiating electromagnet...