نتایج جستجو برای: nicotine dependence
تعداد نتایج: 171394 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Tobacco dependence is a key construct in tobacco research. This paper describes a construct validation approach to dependence assessment and describes key conceptual and psychometric criteria on which to evaluate putative measures of dependence. Five current dependence scales-the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.); the Ci...
People who begin daily smoking at an early age are at greater risk of long-term nicotine addiction. We tested the hypothesis that associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genetic variants and nicotine dependence assessed in adulthood will be stronger among smokers who began daily nicotine exposure during adolescence. We compared nicotine addiction-measured by the Fagerstrom...
Varenicline was recently approved as an aid for smoking cessation. Patients treated with varenicline have reported a concomitant reduction in their alcohol consumption. This compound has also been demonstrated to reduce alcohol seeking and consumption in alcohol high-preferring rats. Based on the extensive coabuse of nicotine and alcohol, the aim of the present study was to explore whether inte...
Improving and targeting nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are cost-effective strategies for reducing adverse health consequences for smokers. Treatment studies document the efficacy of precessation NRT and support important roles for level of nicotine dependence and precessation smoking reduction in successful quitting. However, prior work has not identified the optimal precessation dose or me...
The level of nicotine dependence is important in assessing the effectiveness of smoking prevention and control programmes ( Breslau et al., 2001) There are several scales available for measuring addiction level such as the Fagerström Tolerance of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) (Heatherton et al., 1991) , the Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS) ( Etter, 2005) and the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale ...
BACKGROUND Current smoking cessation treatments focus on addressing the pharmacological dependence of smokers on nicotine. However, new strategies are needed that address both nicotine dependence and the psychological dependence on cigarettes as the source of nicotine. Evidence from a number of small smoking cessation studies suggests that the use of cigarettes with reduced nicotine content, in...
Nicotine dependence is one of the world's leading causes of preventable death. To discover genetic variants that influence risk for nicotine dependence, we targeted over 300 candidate genes and analyzed 3713 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1050 cases and 879 controls. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was used to assess dependence, in which cases were required to have...
CONTEXT The endogenous cannabinoid system has been implicated in drug addiction in animal models. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene is 1 of the 2 receptors expressed in the brain. It has been reported to be associated with alcoholism and multiple drug abuse and dependence. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the CNR1 gene is associated with nicotine dependence. DESIGN Genotype-phenot...
Alcohol, nicotine and other drug dependencies are widespread primary chronic diseases [1,2,3,4]. A study of nearly 20,000 adult Americans in the general public, found a 13.5% lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse or dependence, and a 6.1% lifetime prevalence of other drug abuse or dependence, exclusive of nicotine [5]. The prevalence rates of substance use disorders for children are also signifi...
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