The effects of nitroprusside (380-760 ug/min) on the systemic venous return, the central blood volume and the equilibrium point between the venous return and cardiac output curves were studied in eight dogs using a right-heart bypass preparation at constant total blood volume. Experiments were performed before and after the production of acute left ventricular failure. During control, nitroprus...

In view of the increasing importance of reduced sulfur compounds in biological chemistry, a study of the nitroprusside reaction was recently made in this laboratory in an attempt to render the reaction more specific for compounds of the type C-S-H, since sodium nitroprusside in alkaline solution not only gives coloration with compounds of this type but also with ketones, aldehydes, creatinine, ...

Many vasoactive agents stimulate release of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). EDRF stimulates cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) accumulation and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in a manner similar to that produced by sodium nitroprusside. Endothelium and vascular smooth muscle were isolated from porcine, bovine, and rat thoracic aorta. The capacity of sodium nitropru...

BACKGROUND Elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance is an important determinant of right ventricular function in patients with end-stage biventricular heart failure. Vasodilator drug therapy directed at the pulmonary vasculature is used in the hemodynamic assessment of patients for orthotopic heart transplantation, and therapy aimed at decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance and transpulmona...

It has previously been demonstrated that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes prolonged pulmonary vascular hyperreactivity (D.P. Nyhan, J.M. Redmond, A.M. Gillinov, K. Nishiwaki, and P.A. Murray. J. Appl. Physiol. 77: 1584-1590, 1994). This study investigated the effects of CPB on endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine and bradykinin) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) pulmonary va...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the ability of clonidine to reduce pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing heart surgery, either by reducing the pressure values from the direct measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure or by reducing or eliminating the need for intraoperative dobutamine and nitroprusside. METHOD Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparat...

Intracranial pressure has been measured in 45 patients undergoing neurosurgery during the induction of deliberate hypotension using either sodium nitroprusside or trimetaphan. A statistically significant increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) occurred during the early stages of the infusion of nitroprusside in normocapnic patients. A non-significant increase in ICP was obtained in hypocapnic p...

Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to the pig kidney in vivo to determine the metabolic effects of infusion of sodium nitroprusside, and of more severe hypotension produced by venesection or halothane. Sodium nitroprusside 7-20 micrograms kg-1 min-1 reduced mean systemic arterial pressure (AP) of the pig from 89 to 46 mm Hg. Glomerular filtration rate and total sodium rea...

IMPORTANCE The treatment of schizophrenia remains a challenge, and the currently available antipsychotic drugs are slow acting and produce a number of adverse effects. OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness and safety of a single intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside (0.5 μg/kg/min for 4 hours) on the positive, negative, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in patients with schizophr...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of angiotensin II in the absence of baroreflex activation. DESIGN Ten healthy male volunteers were studied in a single blind, randomised, crossover study of heart rate variability during intravenous angiotensin II infusion (5-20 ng/kg/min) compared with a control pressor infusion of phenylephrine (0.7-2.8 micrograms/kg/min). Each infusion was titrated to i...