Determining how monetary policy makers react to changes in key economic variables has been of major interest to monetary economists. Estimates of monetary policy rules (reaction functions) are a widely used method for doing this. Behavior differs under different policy regimes, as in rule-based systems or chronic inflation. In practice, estimates of instrument rules have been used to descri...

It has been shown that the plastic response of many materials, including some metallic alloys, depends on the stress state. In this paper, we describe a plasticity model for isotropic materials, which is a function of the hydrostatic stress as well as the second and third invariants of the stress deviator, and present its finite element implementation, including integration of the constitutive ...

background and aims. change in the resting whole-mouth salivary flow rate (sfr) plays a significant role in pathogenesis of various oral conditions. factors such as smoking may affect sfr as well as the oral and dental health. the primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of smoking on sfr, and oral and dental health. materials and methods. one-hundred smokers and 100 non-tobacc...

We systematically investigate the incremental response of various equilibrium states of dense 2D model granular materials, along the biaxial compression path (σ11 < σ22, σ12 = 0). Stress increments are applied in arbitrary directions in 3dimensional stress space (σ11,σ22,σ12). In states with stable contact networks we compute the stiffness matrix and the elastic moduli, and separate elastic and...

Blood flow is modeled as non-Newtonian micropolar fluid. The non-linear governing equations of continuum and momentum in the cylindrical coordinate are being discretized using a finite difference approach and have been solved iteratively ,through Crank-Nicolson method. The blood velocity distribution, volumetric flow rate and Resistance to blood flow at the stenosis throat are computed for vari...

This work discusses the derivation and numerical implementation of an elastoplastic model textile membranes at finite strains. The mechanical accounts for anisotropic hyperelastic response [1], reached in saturation region. plastic anisotropy is modeled by implementing yield surface flow rule as a function structural tensor [2]. Furthermore, capability to simulate behavior under non-proportiona...

rule representation 1 NEURAL CIRCUITS SUBSERVING THE RETRIEVAL AND MAINTENANCE OF ABSTRACT RULES Silvia A. Bunge, Itamar Kahn, Jonathan D. Wallis, Earl K. Miller & Anthony D. Wagner Psychology Department and Center for Mind & Brain, UC Davis 2 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences & 3 The Picower Center for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4 Dept of Psychology and...

The jamming transition in granular materials is well-known for exhibiting hysteresis, wherein the level of shear stress required to trigger flow larger than that below which stops. Although such behavior typically modeled as a simple non-monotonic rule, rheology also nonlocal due cooperativity at grain scale, leading instance increased strengthening threshold system size reduced. We investigate...