Smoking is a major cardiovascular risk factor and cause of death. Diabetes mellitus is also associated with an increased mortality and morbidity. Evidence concerning whether smoking increases the incidence of diabetes remains conflicting. Glycaemic status and smoking habits were analysed in 3718 Chinese subjects in order to assess the possible association between smoking and risk of diabetes in...

Smoking is a major cardiovascular risk factor and cause of death. Diabetes mellitus is also associated with an increased mortality and morbidity. Evidence concerning whether smoking increases the incidence of diabetes remains conflicting. Glycaemic status and smoking habits were analysed in 3718 Chinese subjects in order to assess the possible association between smoking and risk of diabetes in...

introduction: in the literature pica is reported to be prevalent in pregnant women, who, reported to have eaten substances that were clearly not foods but some thing which has been defined as “pica”. pica is an eating disorder, which may cause severe problems such as chemicals or heavy metals (e.g. lead) toxicity, intestinal obstruction and iron deficiency anaemia. this study was conducted to d...

Abstract The presence of body dissatisfaction (BD) in non-Western countries is an important area empirical enquiry. results reflect collectivistic and individualistic cultures Malaysians Australians, respectively, whereby social approval, acceptance, cultural values are high importance to compared with the more liberal attitudes Australians respect health behaviours. This study sought compare: ...

AIM Highlight the socio-economic determinants of smoking among Iraqi adults aged (18+) years. METHOD The study is derived from Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors STEPS survey Iraq 2015. A cross-sectional survey conducted among households from 15 Iraqi governorates. Nainawa, Salahaddin and Al-Anbar were excluded for unstable conditions. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique used to includ...

PURPOSE Smoking is a serious public health problem worldwide. Some authors refer to it as the "silent epidemic of the 20th century." It constitutes an important risk factor for ocular pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), diabetic retinopathy, and neuropathy because the toxic effects of tobacco play a key role in the deterioration of eye tissue. Damage to trabecular meshw...

BACKGROUND.: Post-adolescent acne is an inflammatory disorder, whose cause is unknown. Contrasting data are available on correlation between acne and smoking habit. OBJECTIVES.: To verify the frequency of clinically non-inflammatory (atypical) post-adolescent acne (APAA) among women, a possible correlation with cigarette smoking, possible differences in sebum composition in a group of female sm...

BACKGROUND Approximately 20% of women in Germany are smokers, and some of them are unable to stop smoking during pregnancy. As cigarette smoke generates free radicals, it has been suggested that it may be one of the major sources of oxidant stress in pregnant women and unborn fetuses. On the other hand, the human placenta is known to be a major source of pro-oxidant agents, antioxidant enzyme s...

BACKGROUND In many developed countries, immigrants live longer-that is, have lower death rates at most or all ages-than native-born residents. This article tests whether different levels of smoking-related mortality can explain part of the 'healthy immigrant effect' in the USA, as well as part of the related 'Hispanic paradox': the tendency for US Hispanics to outlive non-Hispanic Whites. MET...

OBJECTIVE To identify factors predictive of the outcome of a smoking cessation program by gender. METHODS A cross-sectional study of smokers starting treatment in a smoking cessation clinic from 2002 to 2007 was conducted. The variables consisted of data on sociodemographic factors, smoking habits, the social context of smoking and psychiatric comorbidity prior to or during the smoking cessat...