The operative management of giant pituitary adenomas represents a significant challenge for neurosurgeons. This challenge is amplified by the degree of local tumour infiltration into adjacent structures such as the cavernous sinus. The degree of parasellar tumour extension can be classified according to the Knosp grading system’ while suprasellar extension is qualified in accordance with the Mo...

Atypical pituitary adenomas (APAs) are aggressive tumors, harboring a Ki-67 (MIB-1) staining index of 3% or more, and positive immunohistochemical staining for p53 protein, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 2004. Pituitary carcinomas (PC) usually develop from progressive APAs and predominantly consist of hormone-generating tumors, defined by the presence of diss...

Correspondence to: Ioana Muntean, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Hyperprolactinemia has different etiologic forms, among them, the prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors represent an important entity. In our study, were analyzed the clinical aspects, diagnostic procedures and therapeutical approach of 31 cases of prolactinomas (F/M ratio = 27/4) hospitalized in the Clinic of Endocrinol...

The clinical and pathologic features of pituitary apoplexy were evaluated within the last 100 consecutive pituitary tumors surgically treated at this institution. From this group, ten tumor specimens exhibited pathologically verifiable hemorrhagic necrosis, including six with classic apoplectic onset; the hemorrhage in four patients was asymmetric. The tumors of symptomatic patients were large,...

CONTEXT Prevalence data are important for assessing the burden of disease on the health care system; data on pituitary adenoma prevalence are very scarce. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of clinically relevant pituitary adenomas in a well-defined population. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional, intensive, case-finding study performed in three regions of the ...

As for any solid tumour, pituitary adenoma expansion is dependent on neovascularization through angiogenesis. In this process, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) may play an outstanding role. The intention of this work was to study the expression/localization and possible function of VEGF receptors in pituitary adenomas. VEGF re...

Leptin, a circulating hormone secreted by adipocytes, communicates peripheral nutritional status to hypothalamic centers affecting satiety, energy expenditure, and body weight. The intact leptin receptor (OB-R), a single membrane-spanning peptide containing an approximately 300-amino acid intracellular domain, is highly expressed in the hypothalamus, whereas shorter OB-R isoforms with truncated...

• Explain how inappropriate (normal or increased) thyrotropin (TSH) secretion in the presence of hyperthyroidism can be a clue to a thyrotropin adenoma of the pituitary. • Describe the clinical and endocrinological features of thyrotroph pituitary adenoma and how to distinguish it from other states of inappropriate TSH secretion. • Define the roles of pituitary surgery, radiotherapy, and drug t...

Pituitary adenomas are frequent benign tumors that cause a high morbidity due to their complications. Most cases are sporadic but 5% arise in a familial setting, associated with other tumors (as is for MEN1 and MEN4, Carney Complex, McCune-Albright Syndrome) or without other associated disease as is for FIPA (Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenomas) families. AIP (Aryl-hydrocarbon Receptor Interac...