Permanent neurobehavioral toxicological effects have been theorized to occur at the lowest doses of a toxic agent if exposure occurs during early development compared to exposure during adulthood. Data are reviewed showing the exposure to 10 ppm of halothane from conception to day 60 of life post-partum led to adult rats (>/= 135 days of age) which were hyperalgesic to electric footshock and wh...

Platelet function and coagulation studies were performed on 65 children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and five wtih acquired heart disease, varying in age from 2 wk to 17 yr. Approximately l10/a of the children with CHD had mild bleeding symptoms, and 9#{176}/a had prolonged bleeding times, despite normal platelet counts. In 14 of 37 children (37.8#{176}/a)with cyanotic CHD and four of 28...

Multiple genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The main neuropathological hallmark of PD is the degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To study genetic and molecular contributors to the disease process, there is a great need for readily accessible cells with prominent DAergic f...

Spatial memory formation is enabled through synaptic information processing, in the form of persistent strengthening and weakening of synapses, within the hippocampus. It is, however, unclear how relevant spatial information is selected for encoding, in preference to less pertinent information. As the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) becomes active in response to novel experiences, we hypothe...

Rett syndrome is a progressive, usually sporadic and rarely familial, disabling neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in early childhood presenting clinically with mental retardation, behavioral changes, late movement disturbances, loss of speech and hand skills, ataxia, apraxia, irregular breathing with hyperventilation while awake, and frequent seizures. It occurs almost exclusively in femal...

Objectives. To assess the effect of Red Bull(©) on (1) blood glucose and catecholamine levels, (2) cardiovascular and respiratory function changes before, during, and after exercise, (3) reaction time, (4) cognitive functions, and (5) response to mental stress test and emotions in young healthy individuals (N=38). Methods. Heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (ABP), blood glucose, adrena...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of Ramadan fasting on serum levels of stress neurohormones in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a clinical trial and was performed during July 2011 (month of Ramadan) in Royan institute, Tehran. A total of 40 women who were aged 20-40 years and known cases of PCOS and had no other medical diseases were ...

The glycogen body (GB) is at the dorsal area of the lumbosacral spinal cord in birds and is composed of uniform cells that are characterized by high-glycogen storage. Previous morphological and embryological examinations suggest that the GB is derived from the neuroepithelium and contains many blood vessels and a few nerve fibers. However, the function of the GB and role of the glycogen are unk...

BACKGROUND The main mechanism underlying irritable bowel syndrome is currently believed to be a dysfunction of the brain-gut axis. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction can contribute to development of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms by disturbing visceral sensations. MATERIAL/METHODS Thirty patients with a diagnosis of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and 30 healthy volunte...

We examined the effects of caffeic acid (CA) and related compounds on 7-carboxyheptyl radical formation. This analysis was performed using a standard D2O reaction mixture containing 4.3 mM oleic acid, 25 μM flavin mononucleotide (FMN), 160 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 10 mM cholic acid, 100 mM α-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone, and 1 mM Fe(SO4)2(NH4)2 during irradiation with 7.8 J/cm2 ...