We discuss two closely related interval arithmetic systems: i) the system of directed (generalized) intervals studied by E. Kaucher, and ii) the system of normal intervals together with the outer and inner interval operations. A relation between the two systems becomes feasible due to introduction of special notations and a so-called normal form of directed intervals. As an application, it has ...

Background T1-mapping has great diagnostic potential based on tight normal ranges and excellent sensitivity to disease. Numerically, T1 calculation hinges on the inversion time (TI) from the inversion preparation to the centre of k-space for each T1-weighted image. In the original ShMOLLI sequence (Piechnik JCMR 2010, 12:69) based on “Work In Progress” WIP561 MOLLI, the TI calculation was offse...

An effective Lagrangian for ηN interaction in nuclear medium is deduced from the chiral perturbation theory. The energy, effective mass and optical potential of η mesons as functions of nuclear density are obtained. Our results show that there is strong attractive η nuclear interaction at normal nuclear density, and in-medium properties of η depend strongly on the off-shell term which is determ...

We aimed to determine the normal ranges of radial and ulnar deviation of the wrist in relation to the ulnar variance. A total of 102 healthy subjects (204 wrists) were included in the study. The ranges of radial and ulnar deviation of the wrists were measured using a universal goniometer. Ulnar variance was assessed manually or radiographically, and recorded as ulna minus, ulna plus or ulna min...

Belfield, A., and Goldberg, D. M. (1971). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 46, 842. Normal ranges and diagnostic value of serum 5'nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase activities in infancy. Determinations of serum alkaline phosphatase (APase) and 5'nucleotidase (5Nase) activities have been carried out in 159 children investigated for possible disease of liver or bones, and in 147 children in ...

BACKGROUND Glycemic variability is increasingly recognized as an important issue in diabetes management. However, the lack of normative values may limit its applicability in the clinical setting. The objective of this study was to establish preliminary normal reference ranges for glycemic variability by analyzing continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data obtained from healthy Chinese adults. M...

AIMS Reference values for Doppler parameters according to age and gender are recommended for the assessment of heart physiology, specifically for left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. In this study, we report normal reference ranges for Doppler parameters obtained in a large group of healthy volunteers. Echocardiographic data were acquired using state-of-the-art cardiac ultrasound equipment...

Distribution of a quantity, e.g., concentration of a serum constituent, in a typical general hospital population is considered. It is assumed that the distribution within any subpopulation is Gaussian and that adjacent subpopulations overlap somewhat, presenting overlapping Gaussian distri butions. Bhattacharya’s procedure for resolving such overlapping distributions, based upon differentiation...

Background: Normative data have been established for stimulated serum total cortisol in children but not for serum free cortisol. Methods: Children who were referred for ACTH testing to rule out adrenal insufficiency were enrolled. Only children with normal response and normal androgen levels were included. Total cortisol was determined by a chemiluminescence method, and free cortisol was measu...

This study aimed to establish a local reference of thyroid volume in Sudanese normal subjects using ultrasound. A total of 103 healthy subjects were studied, 28 (27.18%) females and 75 (72.82%) males. Thyroid volume was estimated using ellipsoid formula. The mean age and range of the subjects was 21.8 (19-29) years; the mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.3 (16.46-26.07) kg/m(2). The overall mean...