nique. Being less affected by the conduction time of the afferent somatosensory fiber and by central processing, SuCV may be a useful parameter with which to evaluate efferent sudomotor function. Denišlič et al., however, noted that it is not based on the activity of the same unmyelinated axons and sweat glands. Elie et al., who tried to determine SuCV in the lower extremities of normal subject...

background: the family as the basis of children’s personality has an important role in creation or prevention of tendency towards anomaly and social damages. this study performed with aimed to determine the role of fathers’ subjective norms, normative beliefs and motivation to comply in prevention of tendency children toward addictive drugs. methods: this was a descriptive cross sectional study...

Judicial independence is an idea that has both internal (or normative) and external (or institutional) aspects. From a normative viewpoint, judges should be autonomous moral agents, who can be relied on to carry out their public duties independent of venal or ideological considerations. Independence, or impartiality, in this sense is a desirable aspect of a judge’s character. But judges are hum...

Empirical decision-making in diverse species deviates from the predictions of normative choice theory, but why such suboptimal behavior occurs is unknown. Here, we propose that deviations from optimality arise from biological decision mechanisms that have evolved to maximize choice performance within intrinsic biophysical constraints. Sensory processing utilizes specific computations such as di...

Progress in understanding and achieving sustainability requires addressing it as both a scientific and an ethical issue. If sustainability is defined as “meeting human needs in a socially just manner without depriving ecosystems of their health,” most of the words in its definition are normative or value laden. Depending on how critical normative terms such as “human needs” and “ecosystem healt...

W.V.Quine and Philip Kitcher have both developed naturalistic approaches to the philosophy of science which are partially based on a skeptical view about the possibility of rational inquiry into certain questions of value.Nonetheless, bothQuine and Kitcher do not wish to give up on the normative dimension of the philosophy of science. I argue that Kitcher’s recent argument against the specifica...

The chapter is organized in ten sections, each of them presenting a fundamental issue or problem in the area of deontic logic. Section 10.2 is about the issue of norms and truth, i.e., whether norms should have truth value. It opposes deontic logic viewed as a logic of normative propositions to deontic logic viewed as a logic of imperatives. Section 10.3 deals with the problem of contrary-to-du...

One major focus of recent value‐pluralist literature has been the question of what normative consequences follow from pluralism. This essay critically examines three arguments that attempt to show that either liberalism or a bounded modus vivendi is the state of affairs that pluralism makes morally preferable. All three arguments are shown to encounter the same fundamental problem—once we have ...