Formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) represents a transfer of upper layer water to abyssal depths at a rate of 15 to 20 x 10 6 m3/s. NADW spreads throughout the Atlantic Ocean and is exported to the Indian and Pacific Oceans by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and deep western boundary currents. Naturally, there must be a compensating flow of upper layer water toward the northern Nort...

urban landscape structural analysis; focused on the remnant patch mosaic network as the component with closest interdependency with air and water related processes was undertaken to find and propose environmental planning suggestions.assessments demonstrate that remnant patch mosaic network structure of tehran is still restorable. with appropriate corrective measures based on the natural lay ou...

[1] The South Equatorial Undercurrent (SEUC) in the western to central tropical Atlantic is investigated by a combination of shallow floats, with a few acoustically tracked, shipboard current measurements and hydrography. Float trajectories show a well confined SEUC revealing large standing meanders near its western origin. Transports determined from 31 sections across the SEUC increase from 5....

Beijing has suffered from major air pollution in recent years from PM10. In this study, we investigated the transport pathways and potential sources of PM10 concentration based on backward trajectories and PM10 concentration records from 2003 to 2009. Four transport pathways of high PM10 existed. One was the northwest pathway, which had the most frequency of occurrence in spring and winter, and...

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an aliphatic fluorinated compound with eight carbon atoms that is extremely persistent in the environment and can adversely affect human and ecological health. The stability, low reactivity, and high water solubility of PFOS combined with the North American phaseout in production around the year 2000 make it a potentially useful new tracer for ocean circulati...

RRH: ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT STANDARDS LRH: Jota Ishikawa and Toshihiro Okubo Abstract Consumption is one channel through which the environment is damaged. To protect the environment, various product standards have been introduced across the world. This paper uses a new economic geography framework to explore the effects of environmental product standards on environment in a North-South trade mod...

Stable isotope and ice-rafted debris records from three core sites in the mid-latitude North Atlantic (IODP Site U1313, MD01-2446, MD03-2699) are combined with records of ODP Sites 1056/1058 and 980 to reconstruct hydrographic conditions during the middle Pleistocene spanning Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 9–14 (300–540 ka). Core MD03-2699 is the first high-resolution mid-Brunhes record from the N...

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a strategic economic project aiming at increasing regional connectivity for development. corridor will connect Pakistan's Gwadar port with Kashgar in Western China between 2014 and 2030 by developing transport infrastructure network consisting of road rail. It not only expected to be beneficial Pakistan but also have positive spillover effects on o...

To predict the effects of governmental control policies regarding transportation, macro-level simulation is often used. However, macro-level simulation cannot capture the decision making of individual actors involved in a transport chain. In this paper we discuss how a micro-level simulator, called TAPAS (Transportation And Production Agent-based Simulator), which is based on agent technology c...