Although there is a high rate of pulmonary involvement in patients with schistosomiasis (Shaw and Ghareeb, 1938; Faria, 1952; Menezes, 1957) there have been few publications containing an extensive analysis of the clinical picture and haemodynamic alterations caused by this disease. Outstanding among the few are those by Shaw and Ghareeb (1938), Kenawy (1950), Barbato (1952), Girgis (1952), El ...

Causes are defined informally to be events which are both contextually necessary and contextually sufficient for their effects. A formal, logico-pragmatic, definition is then given and discussed.

Despite the availability of relatively effective vaccines, Streptococcus pneumoniae still causes widespread morbidity and mortality. Current vaccines contain free polysaccharides or protein-polysaccharide conjugates, but do not induce protection against serotypes that are not included in the vaccines. Therefore, developing alternative vaccines is of high priority and importance. Several investi...

(1) Congenital nephrosis. A group of disorders present at and presenting soon after birth, which are familial and may be acquired or inherited. Persistent oedema attracts attention in the first weeks of life. The disease may be rapidly lethal, but occasionally the patient will survive for a year or more without fatal infection or lethal azotaemia. The disease pattern tends to run true within a ...