Three applications of evolutionary algorithms at the Center for Applied Systems Analysis, namely the optimization of nuclear reactor core reload designs, of chemical engineering plants, and of optical multilayer systems, are brieey described in this paper. The examples clarify the enormous robustness and wide applicability of the evolutionary approach to problems involving highly complex, probl...

Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of proteins that function as ligand-activated transcription factors. One class of these receptors is hormone receptors to which steroid/thyroid hormones/retinoid bind, and thus is involved in endocrine system disorders, such as breast and prostate cancer. Another class of receptors was called orphan receptors because their ligands were unknown. Recently, the...

Maniloff, Jack (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.), Harold J. Morowitz, and Russell J. Barrnett. Ultrastructure and ribosomes of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. J. Bacteriol. 90:193-204. 1965.-The ultrastructure of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain A5969 has been studied by electron microscopy (thin-section and negative staining), ultracentrifugation, and chemical analysis. The list of ultrastructure i...

Although a great deal is known about the signaling events that promote nuclear translocation of NF-κB, how cellular biophysics and the microenvironment might regulate the dynamics of this pathway is poorly understood. In this study, we used high-content image analysis and Bayesian network modeling to ask whether cell shape and context features influence NF-κB activation using the inherent varia...

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is widely used in medical diagnostics and chemical analysis. Due to rapid growing of the NMR applications, the conventional NMR systems may not fulfill the need of all applications. The development of a micro-NMR device would not only benefit the original NMR applications but could also open a door for new NMR applications. Two approaches for building a NMR syst...

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the structural analysis of organic compounds and biomolecules but typically requires macroscopic sample quantities. We use a sensor, which consists of two quantum bits corresponding to an electronic spin and an ancillary nuclear spin, to demonstrate room temperature magnetic resonance detection and spectroscopy of multiple nuclear s...

Tubes are a vital component of most structures, especially in the power, and oil and gas industries. Tube failure, especially in the nuclear and chemical industries, can have catastrophic effects with irreversible environmental and ecological damage. The notable Chernobyl nuclear accident in the Soviet Union has made the public extremely sensitive and concerned about the safety of nuclear plant...

Process engineering systems encountered in many risky industries (nuclear, chemical...) are complex because of their multidomain energy character. Actuators are the main elements for their control design. They need for their safety a monitoring system. The monitorability model based analysis (ability to detect and to isolate an actuator fault) is based on the structured residual analysis using ...

We have evaluated the ability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies to describe the difference in the folding propensities of two structurally highly similar cyclic β-hairpins, comparing the outcome to that of molecular dynamics simulations. NAMFIS-type NMR ensemble analysis and CD spectroscopy were observed to accurately describe the consequence of alte...