Nutrient recommendations in use today are often derived from relatively old data of few studies with few individuals. However, for many nutrients, including vitamin B-12, extensive data have now become available from both observational studies and randomized controlled trials, addressing the relation between intake and health-related status biomarkers. The purpose of this article is to provide ...

A limited number of studies have examined associations between nut consumption and nutrient intakes or diet quality. None has investigated these associations in the Southern Hemisphere. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between nut consumption and nutrient intakes among adult New Zealanders. Data from the 24-h recalls of 4721 participants from the cross-sectional 2008/09 New...

PAS kinase is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase. Mammalian PAS kinase is activated under nutrient replete conditions and is important for controlling metabolic rate and energy homeostasis. In yeast, PAS kinase acts to increase the synthesis of structural carbohydrate at the expense of storage carbohydrates through phosphorylation of the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphory...

BACKGROUND There is an increasing reliance on processed foods globally, yet food composition tables include minimal information on their nutrient content. The Pacific Islands share common trade links and are heavily reliant on imported foods. The objective was to develop a dataset for the Pacific Islands on nutrient composition of processed foods sold and their sources. METHODS Information on...

Growing concern about water quality issues, along with a series of fish kills in 1997, prompted Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia to adopt regulations to reduce nutrient pollution from agricultural nonpoint sources. All three states required farmers to follow a state-certified nutrient management plan that would "optimize crop yields and minimize environmental losses," although the policy-making...

Nutrient pollution is one of the major sources of water quality impairments in the U.S. Agriculture is a major source of nutrients. Two alternative strategies for reducing nutrient loads from cropland are to reduce fertilizer application rates and to filter nutrients coming off cropland with restored wetlands. These two approaches are evaluated in the Mississippi Basin, where nutrient loadings ...

On coral reefs, fishes can facilitate coral growth via nutrient excretion; however, as coral abundance declines, these nutrients may help facilitate increases in macroalgae. By combining surveys of reef communities with bioenergetics modeling, we showed that fish excretion supplied 25 times more nitrogen to forereefs in the Florida Keys, USA, than all other biotic and abiotic sources combined. ...

Microalgal blooms can result from anthropogenic nutrient loadings in coastal ecosystems. However, differentiating sources of nutrients remains a challenge. The response of phytoplankton and benthic microalgae (BMA) to nutrient loads was compared across tropical tidal creeks with and without secondary treated sewage. Primary productivity in the water column was limited by nitrogen availability i...

Synchrony is defined as to represent or arrange to indicate coexistence or parallel occurrence. Thus nutrient synchrony would imply a parallel occurrence of nutrients for the ruminant animal to consume or be present in the diet and rumen. Thus by supplying energy and nitrogen sources concurrently, an increase or optimization of microbial efficiency should occur. The increase in microbial effici...

Class of 2006 Human Biology In Hawaii, land-use practices on shore have resulted in nutrient loading. This has been cited as a main factor in altering Hawaiian reef ecosystems. However, the source and fate of land-based nutrient loading is not well understood in locations where the impact of pollution is a relatively recent phenomenon, such as Hanalei Bay, Kauai. Here, the source and distributi...