Based on Article 31(1), the rights of child to rest and leisure, applying sociology childhood as our theoretical approach, we investigated leisure play among working children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data from 45 qualitative interviews shows that reasons behind work vary children. For some, primary motivation for is getting money recreation, while others are obliged help families. Accordingly,...

BACKGROUND The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate efficacy and middle-term results of the stent graft treatment for diseases of descending thoracic aorta. METHODS AND RESULTS From March 1999 to October 2003, 132 patients (113 male and 19 female, mean age 62+/-14 years) were enrolled. They were divided into 4 groups: aneurysms (43, group A), post-traumatic lesions (24, group B),...

The exon junction complex (EJC) plays important roles in RNA metabolisms and the development of eukaryotic organisms. MAGO (short form of MAGO NASHI) and Y14 (also Tsunagi or RBM8) are the EJC core components. Their biological roles have been well investigated in various species, but the evolutionary patterns of the two gene families and their protein-protein interactions are poorly known. Geno...

BACKGROUND Clinical guidelines for single diseases often pose problems in general practice work with multimorbid patients. However, little research focuses on how general practice is affected by the demand to follow multiple guidelines. This study explored Norwegian general practitioners' (GPs') experiences with and reflections upon the consequences for general practice of applying multiple gui...

BACKGROUND The informed consent procedure plays a central role in randomised controlled trials but has only been explored in a few studies on children. AIM To assess the quality of the informed consent process in a paediatric setting. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to parents who volunteered their child (230 children) for a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of ibuprofen s...

The present issue of Revista Española de Cardiología publishes an epidemiologic estimate of stroke incidence in Catalonia constructed from the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS), compulsory in all Spanish hospitals.1 The MBDS is a valuable resource for healthcare planning providing data on the volume and nature of hospital use. The interest of this article lies in whether or not the estimate constit...

The theory of clinical trials has been studied from many different points of view in recent years. Perhaps the feature of principal interest that distinguishes the clinical trial from analogous problems that arise in industrial statistics, is the ethical factor. The doctor treating a patient in a clinical trial is not only obliged to derive information relevant for the treatment ofa larger stat...

Using data from three countries (U.S., Italy and Australia) and surveying related studies from several other countries in Europe, we investigate the effects of the New Basel Capital Accord (Basel II) on bank capital requirements for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). For each country, we analyze different possibilities that banking organizations have in considering SMEs, as either retai...

BACKGROUND Informed consent is the backbone of a clinical trial. In children this is given by their parents. There have been many studies in the neonatal population but little is known about the views of the parents of infants and young children from within the United Kingdom. The objectives of this study were to assess what motivates parents to consent to a randomised clinical trial (RCT), the...

The important role of quality fulfillment in improving the internal education, where level success learning is strongly supported by effective accordance with needs and conditions educational environment, education assurance, especially programs, obliged to provide assistance meeting standards. Educational Assessment Standards are criteria regarding mechanisms, procedures, instruments for asses...