OBJECTIVES   Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) is a peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) technique that has been used with success in the management of intractable chronic daily headaches (CDHs) and occipital neuralgia (ON). The technique involves the placement of a stimulating surgical or percutaneous electrode over the occipital nerves within the subcutaneous tissues at the skull base. Until re...

BACKGROUND Carotid artery occlusion can lead to the development of rare true posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms because of hemodynamic stress on the PCoA. Surgical treatment of these lesions is challenging. CASE DESCRIPTION The authors report a case of a true PCoA aneurysm that developed and ruptured 37 years after ligation of the ipsilateral common carotid artery for epistaxis. ...

Although the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD) has not been fully elucidated, the effectiveness of surgical revascularization in preventing stroke has been addressed by many studies. The main mechanism of surgical revascularization is augmenting the intracranial blood flow using an external carotid system by either direct bypass or pial synangiosis. This can improve resting cerebral blood ...

Case Description A previously healthy 16-year-old girl presented to a local emergency room with intense headache, severe nausea, and vision loss. The week before, she had intermittent headaches and nonspecific visual changes that resolved with acetaminophen or NSAIDs and rest. On admission to the hospital, she was found to be extremely hypertensive and had bilateral occipital hypodensities cons...