Climate change is an ongoing, poorly understood and disquieting challenge. The primary drivers are debated. Clear evidence however suggestive of a time variation the planetary release endogenous energy. In fact, soil exhalation unprecedented challenge for humankind, as phenomenon this kind happens only every 27.40.05 Ma, while human history spans last 30,0000 years. Therefore, there need qua...

companies for survival and the presence of strong and innovative strategies are needed in the global market, thus to achieve profitable growth opportunities and create new blue ocean. blue ocean created of red ocean weakness (focusing too much on competition and lack of attention to the creation of a new market without competition) comes. while the blue ocean strategy to industries that do not ...

The Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) is a key instrument for the geophysical study of sea sub-bottom layers. At present, more reliable autonomous instruments capable of recording underwater for long periods of time and therefore handling large data storage are needed. This paper presents a new Ocean Bottom Seismometer designed to be used in long duration seismic surveys. Power consumption and noi...

An upward-looking sonar instrument, the Ice Profiling Sonar (IPS), has been developed, and successfully used for obtaining time series measurements of ice keel depths over the continental shelves of the Arctic in support of scientific research. The IPS instrument capabilities have since been expanded to provide accurate measurement of ocean waves. This new instrument, the WaveSonar, uses a high...

Ocean color sensors were designed mainly for remote sensing of chlorophyll concentrations over the clear open oceanic areas (Case 1 water) using channels between 0.4–0.86 m. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) launched on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terra and Aqua spacecrafts is equipped with narrow channels located within a wider wavelength range bet...

The geochemical discriminate diagrams help to distinguish the volcanics recovered from different tectonic settings but these diagrams tend to group the ocean floor basalts (OFB) under one class i.e., as mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORB). Hence, a method is specifically needed to identify the OFB as normal (N-MORB), enriched (E-MORB) and ocean island basalts (OIB). We have applied Artificial Neur...