from millennial variations of the thermohaline circulation to the rapid timescales of surface gravity waves. LargeAn explicit time integration of the primitive equations, which are often used for numerical ocean simulations, would be subject to a scale ocean circulation models typically eliminate the fastshort time step limit imposed by the rapidly varying external gravity est oscillations thro...

In computer games and other real-time graphics applications, the ocean surface is typically modeled as a texture or bump-mapped plane with simple lighting effects. This paper describes a system for realistically rendering the water surface in real time. Our system can render calm ocean waves with sophisticated lighting effects at 100 fps on a 680 MHz Pentium III with a GeForce 3 graphics card. ...

Abstract Waves are one of the most important dynamic phenomena in ocean, and thus numerical simulations ocean wave is great importance. Based on SWAN model, this paper simulates waves Northwest Pacific Ocean analyzes height field sea area. Moreover, A new period parameterization scheme proposed according to relationship between period, addition, simulation mode elements optimized by analyzing d...

A companion paper (Part I: Toma and Webster 2008), argued that the characteristics of the mean Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) arise from instabilities associated with the strong cross-equatorial pressure gradient (CEPG) that exists in the eastern Pacific Ocean as a result of the latitudinal sea-surface temperature (SST) gradient. Furthermore, it was argued that instabilities of the mean ...

Standing on a gently sloping straight beach, it is a matter of observation that various waveforms propagate on the surface of the sea. Among these we find edge waves water waves that progress along the shoreline. These waves, often difficult to visualize (this has, probably, prevented the regarding of this waveform as important for a long time), are coastal trapped, i.e. their amplitude is maxi...

Oscillatory tides flowing over rough topography on the ocean floor generate internal gravity waves, which are a major source of ocean mixing. Linear inviscid theory can describe waves generated by gentle topography with slopes that are less steep than the propagation angle of the internal waves; such topography is termed subcritical. However, a clear physical picture of internal waves generated...

The twentieth-century simulations using by 17 coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation models (CGCMs) submitted to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) are evaluated for their skill in reproducing the observed modes of Indian Ocean (IO) climate variability. Most models successfully capture the IO’s delayed, basinwide warming response a few mont...

Quantifying the mechanical forces produced by fluid flows within the ocean is critical to understanding the ocean's environmental phenomena. Such forces may have been instrumental in the origin of life by driving a primitive form of self-replication through fragmentation. Among the intense sources of hydrodynamic shear encountered in the ocean are breaking waves and the bursting bubbles produce...

Seasonal variations of upper-ocean mass transport between the Pacific and Indian Oceans via the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) are examined using numerical experiments with a 11⁄2-layer, reduced-gravity model forced with specific climatological winds. The model ITF transport, computed as a sum of through-strait transport, has an annual range of more than 8 Sv (an annual harmonic of amplitude 4.2 ...

The oceans represent almost 70% of the surface our planet, and they are in constant movement through waves, tides, currents. These movements formed differently: waves develop because action wind; tides moon sun, currents differences water temperature rotation planet. Ocean bring food oxygen to plants animals that live on coasts. Waves also help shape coastline by erosion accumulation sand. is i...