We revisit the finite-sample behavior of single-variable just-identified instrumental variables (just-ID IV) estimators, arguing that in most microeconometric applications, usual inference strategies are likely reliable. Three widely-cited applications used to explain why this is so. then consider pretesting form t1>c, where t1 first-stage t-statistic, and sign given. Although pervasive empiric...

A simple, fast, low-cost and sensitive microfluidic paper-based analytical device (u-PADs) integrated with the co-precipitation enrichment procedure was developed to analyse Ni(II) in tap mineral water samples. The impacting factors, including pH, centrifugation (5 min at 4000 rpm), amounts of reagents were optimized. limit detection 0.009 mg L-1 linear range 0.03-2.00 achieved good intra- inte...

payment order in eft can be a negotiable instrument in two ways; it can be an instrument based on custom and regulation meaning that whether it should be considered as new instrument or be incorporated in one of the current instruments. in light of iranian legal system and against common law, it is not acceptable that a new negotiable instrument be created by custom because some characteristics...

Better quality control for alloy manufacturing and sorting of post-consumer scraps relies heavily on the accurate determination their chemical composition. In recent decades, analytical techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), laser-induced breakdown (LIBS), spark optical emission (spark-OES), found widespread use in metal industry, though only a few studies were published abo...