We show how a simple hierarchical tree called a cover tree can be turned into an asymptotically more efficient one known as a net-tree in linear time. We also introduce two linear-time operations to manipulate cover trees called coarsening and refining. These operations make a trade-off between tree height and the node degree.

During the rut, polygynous ungulates gather in mixed groups of individuals of different sex and age. Group social composition, which may vary on a daily basis, is likely to have strong influences on individual's time-budget, with emerging properties at the group-level. To date, few studies have considered the influence of group composition on male and female behavioral time budget in mating gro...

Geometrical meaning of superstring pictures is discussed in details. An off-shell generalization of the picture changing operation and its inverse are constructed. It is demonstrated that the generalised operations are inverse to each other on-shell while off-shell their product is a projection operator.

When evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. So, Senior Manager and Budget...

Abstr act. Selection of players for a high performance cricket team within a finite budget is a complex task which can be viewed as a constrained multiobjective optimization problem. In cricket team formation, batting strength and bowling strength of a team are the major factors affecting its performance and an optimum trade-off needs to be reached in formation of a good team. We propose a mult...

This paper uses a numerical general equilibrium model to evaluate the welfare impacts of alternative agri-environmental policies in an open economy while recognizing the presence of distortionary agricultural support subsidies and factor income taxes. In this context, the paper indicates that a revenue-neutral budget reform, which cuts all distortionary agricultural support subsidies and pays r...

Modern network devices have to meet stringent performance requirements while providing support for a growing number of use cases and applications. In such a context, a programmable network data plane has emerged as an important feature of modern forwarding elements, such as switches and network cards. Bosshart et al. [1] introduced RMT, a first example of a high-performance programmable data pl...

This study dealt with factors constraining the role of personal secretaries in selected public organizations Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The used qualitative approach through case design. A sample 30 participants was adopted including 10 from College Business Education, six Salaam Institute Technology, Medical Store Department and eight Tanzania Buildings Agency. researchers in-depth interviews do...