A lthough many studies have shown that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or passive smoking increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), there is still scepticism. This may be due to the small magnitude of the effect (about 25–35% increase ), inadequate adjustment for confounding variables, and misclassification of passive smoking. To estimate exposure, the majority of previous studies u...

Trust appears in asymmetric interactions, where one party (the active party) can easily betray a stakeholder (the passive party). Over the Internet, the amount of information that a passive party can use to determine the integrity of an active party is often limited. The scenario where there is only one passive party and one active party is well studied, and has been solved under some assumptio...

Passive walking is an attractive walking style which emerges autonomously on shallow slope without external input. It is known that the walking motion varies to chaotic in the vicinity of the limit of the stable walking. This phenomenon had been analyzed well, but had not been utilized directly for control. Usually only period-1 w alking gait has been dealt with as an active usage of passive wa...

We use the UKIDSS Ultra-deep survey (UDS), currently the deepest panoramic near infra-red survey, together with deep Subaru optical imaging to measure the clustering, number counts and luminosity function of galaxies at z ∼ 2 selected using the BzK selection technique. We find that both star-forming (sBzK) and passive (pBzK) galaxies, to a magnitude limit of KAB < 23, are strongly clustered. Th...

The increase of shear strength in soil, reinforced with the geogrid (alternate reinforcer), is resulted from an increase of modulus of soil hardness, and also from the tensile strength of reinnforcer. The shear strength of contact surface in soil appears due to both the friction strength against the contact surface, and the passive strength formed in front of the elements of the geogri...

Smoking, either active or passive, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk with passive smoking alone reported to have a 30% to 60% higher event rate. Endothelial dysfunction, as a biomarker of atherosclerotic progression, is known to be affected by smoking. Long-term effects of childhood exposure to passive smoking on endothelial dysfunction in later life remains poorly understood but...

ABSTRACT A new current-mode universal active-RC filter is proposed. The proposed circuit is based on a new universal passive filter topology. Two Fully Differential Current Conveyors (FDCCII) are used to construct a universal active-RC filter from this passive filter. The FDCCII based proposed filter has only grounded resistances and capacitors as the passive elements. The circuit simultaneousl...

Methods This is a prospective, randomized, and double blind study. 17 in-patient adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis treated with DoboMed (DM) were studied for trunk morphology (surface topography – ATR, Hump Sum, absolute rotation, total rotation, POTSI and clinical examination – ATR by scoliometer, kyphosis and lordosis by plurimeter). Measurements were taken in the morning, before (first s...