results the mean number and size of betz cells in the stressed group decreased significantly compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). qualitative observations revealed chromatolysis of nissl bodies, nucleus condensation, and a decrease in neural processes. the mean number of apoptotic cells in the stressed group were also significantly increased compared to that of the control group (...

conclusions the results of the present study show that administration of t. foenum-graecum corrects metabolic and inflammatory alterations associated with ovariectomy and has a potential for the management of menopause. objectives the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of t. foenum-graecum seed extract in reducing the metabolic and inflammatory alternations associated with menopaus...

background: nicotine can activate dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (vta). however, there is no evidence about complete inhibition of vta on nicotine reinforcement. methods: in the present study, we used conditioned-place preference (cpp) method to study the effect of transient inhibition of left and/or right side of the vta by lidocaine on nicotine reward properties. male ...

background: previous studies have confirm the effects of water extract of crocus sativus on the euphoric and behavioral properties of morphine in mice. objective: in the present study, the effects of intra-accumbal administration of alcohol extract of crocus sativus stigma on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (cpp) in male wistar rats (250-300 g) we...

background: tissue protective effect of compounds with antioxidant properties has been demonstrated. the alkaloids found in barberry root are considered as antioxidants. objective: according to barberry protective effects in different tissues, in this study, the protective effect of berberis integerrima bge. root )mebir) was evaluated against ccl4-induced testicular damages in wistar rats. mate...

conclusions the current study findings indicated that echinacea purpurea extract played an important role in the protection against den toxicity in rats. results den induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in all the treated animals by elevated serum alt, ast, alp and bun, creatinin and total and direct bilirubin levels. ast, bun and total and direct bilirubin significantly decreased in den +...

recent studies have reported that metal sulfide nanoparticles had potential adverse effects.  in this research, lead (ii) sulfide nanoparticles have been synthesized under different reaction conditions. scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the particle size and morphology. distribution, accumulation and toxic effects of nanoparticles on rats as a biologic...

conclusions all treatment modalities showed a significant analgesic effect on cnbp in rats, being most prominent with the quantum light therapy. results analgesic effects were observed with all treatment regimens; however, the most prominent median analgesic effect was shown in the quantum light therapy in combination with acupuncture for estrogen-induced cnbp (pf1 = 663.9, pf2 = 403.4) (p = 0....

objective: crocin, as an active constituent of saffron, has many biological functions including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of crocin and chlorpheniramine on local edema induced by histamine. materials and methods: local edema was induced by subcutaneous injection of histamine (100 μl, 0.1%) in ventral surface of right hin...

results daily administration of 50 mg/kg ptx (groups 1 and 2) decreased the high stress load in repairing osteotomized femurs when compared with the control group. the highest dose of ptx (200 mg/kg) significantly increased the high stress load when compared with the control group (p = 0.030), group 1 (p = 0.023), group 2 (p = 0.008), and group 3 (p = 0.010), per the lsd findings. materials and...