Opacity is an information flow property characterizing whether a system reveals its secret to passive observer. Several notions of opacity have been introduced in the literature. We study language-based opacity, current-state initial-state initial-and-final-state K-step and infinite-step opacity. Comparing natural question that has investigated summarized by Wu Lafortune, who provided transform...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm that can tremendously revolutionize health care thus benefiting both hospitals, doctors and patients. In this context, protecting the IoT in health care against interference, including service attacks and malwares, is challenging. Opacity is a confidentiality property capturing a system’s ability to keep a subset of its behavior hidden from passive obs...

This study addresses the counterintuitive result produced by the Duffie and Lando (2001) incomplete information model by remodelling its asset density function with added positive bias. We call this new model biased information model. The theory is then applied to study the effect of fiscal opacity on the levels and term structure of sovereign credit spreads. We make use of new panel datasets s...

This report focuses on the acquisition of shape and appearance of real objects under static illumination without the need for an elaborate calibration process or an expensive setup. Emphasis is placed on ease of use and obtaining visually pleasing results. Using recent advances in matting techniques, an opacity hull of the object is computed from an un-calibrated sequence of photographs. User i...

A clinical trial was undertaken to determine whether a commercially available lens opacity meter (LM701), which measures backward scattered light from the lens, provides reliable clinical information about the effect of lens opacities on visual acuity. At the 0.001 level of probability we found a significant relationship between the lens opacity meter reading and both the Snellen acuity and pat...