In the initial models of economic growth, economic factors entered in to models but in the following models, non-economic factors entered in to models. Many broad studies were done on this subject by the economists, and already considerable results were obtained. Subjects such as corruption in the administrative bodies were new variables entering the literature of economic growth at that stage....

A hybrid energy system allows the integration of various technologies to meet demands competitively. These systems are widely used in rural areas with connection problems conventional electrical grid due their economic and environmental advantages. Thus, this paper presents design simulation a that evaluates suitability using generation sources such as photovoltaic energy, biomass, diesel grid,...

on one hand, oil is the greatest energy resource in the world and, on the other hand, because of the role of oil revenue in the economic of oil producer countries, such as iran,it is vital for these countries. so it is necessary to recognize different affective parameters on oil market for these countries. in this research, we try to forecast oil price as an important variable in world wide oil...

this paper estimates the determinants of inflation in iran using a linear and non- linear regression model over the period 1959-2008. in the model specification, the conventional variables (liquidity, production and exchange rate) as well as positive and negative oil revenue shocks, monetary disequilibrium, and demand gap are considered. the results show that nonlinear time series regression mo...

this paper extends endogenous growth models through augmenting it with government budget and oil revenues as well as the effect of public investment efficiency on long run growth of private and government consumption and import for an oil producing economy. based on the extracted model, the optimal growth rate of government current expenditure (or consumption) has a positive relation with the e...

Abstract We analyze rights and public offerings when informed shareholders strategically choose to subscribe. Absent wealth constraints, achieve the full information outcome dominate offerings. When some are constrained, lead more dilution of their stakes lower payoffs, despite income from selling these rights. In both offerings, there is a trade-off between investment efficiency transfers amon...

We study how a firm’s decision to offer bonds of various maturities affects the portfolio allocations of institutional investors. We argue that because of lower information-collection costs, institutional investors tilt their portfolios towards firms that offer bonds of various maturities. We show that this translates into lower bond yields, both in the primary and in the secondary bond markets...

Oil price shocks are the major source of economic instability in oil exporting developing countries, including Iran. In this paper a Multi Sector Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model, with emphasis on optimization of oil sector as a producing sector is designed. Furthermore, an optimizing import sector is introduced into the model by considering the price rigidity in imported goods as a...

Hedging is no longer an option for multinational corporations, especially during global financial crisis. This was clearly manifested in companies’ comprehensive income statement as in WalMart’s case that “During fiscal 2009, foreign currency exchange rate had a $2.3 billion unfavorable impact on the international segment’s net sales” and the company just lost $680 million in the second quarter...